Tetrodotoxin poisoning evidenced by solid-phase extraction combining with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Jen, Hsiao-Chin; Lin, Shin-Yi; Tsai, Yung‐Hsiang; Chen, Chun-Hsiang; Lin, Zu-Chun; Hwang, Deng‐Fwu

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.030

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, we also reported that almost all TTX analogs showed a [8]. Although there are other reports of HILC-MS-MS for TTXs using the product ion at m/z 162 [14,15], 4-epiTTX was not separated from TTX in their reports. Because TTX and 4-epiTTX have the same molecular weight and the same fragmentation pattern by MS-MS, they need to be completely separated to quantitate them by LC-MS-MS. Puffer fish usually contain 4-epiTTX at levels as much as 10% (mol/mol) of TTX [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Optimization of simultaneous analysis of tetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, 4,9-anhydrotetrodotoxin, and 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2010

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Recently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been recognized as a useful method to analyze tetrodotoxin (TTX), the primary toxin for puffer fish poisoning. TTX usually exists with its chemically interchangeable analogs, such as 4-epiTTX and 4, 9-anhydroTTX. TTX and 4-epiTTX have the same molecular weight and the same fragmentation pattern by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). In this study, we optimized conditions for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILC)-MS-MS to quantitate TTX, 4-epiTTX, 4,9-anhydroTTX, and 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX with good separation. The relationships between the applied amounts of each TTX analog to the HILC-MS-MS instrument and the peak areas showed good linearity in the ranges examined. The lower limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were 64 pg on-column for TTX, 128 pg for both 4-epiTTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX, and 180 pg for 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX using an API 2000 mass spectrometer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Recently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been recognized as a useful method to analyze TTX [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. We previously reported two different systems to separate TTX analogs by LC-MS analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of simultaneous analysis of tetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, 4,9-anhydrotetrodotoxin, and 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2010

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“…We have developed a simple technique for the determination of TTX in serum and urine of humans [9][10][11]. In this study, the unambiguous identification of TTX toxin in the rat was obtained using LC-MS method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a new approach for examining TTX in the serum and blood was established by using C18 cartridge column, ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Treatments on Excretion of Tetrodotoxin after Oral Administration in Rat

Lin¹

2015

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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The levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the serum and urine were investigated by using LC-MS method in healthy male wistar rats after oral administration with single dose of 60 nmoleTTX mixture. After treatment, male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) rats drink distilled water; (2) rats drink saline solution; (3) rats drink alkaline electrolyzed (AE) water. The serum and urine samples were collected at intervals between 2 hr to 60 hr after orally administration. It was found that TTX can be detected from serum and urine up to 60 hr the max that was tested when intoxicated poisoning occurred. The highest amount of TTX appeared after 4 hr and 6 hr in the serum and urine, respectively. When the rats took AE water, TTX was secreted earlier from the serum and urine. It indicates that AE water enhances the excretion of TTX in the rats. Moreover, LC-MS is useful for detecting TTX in serum and urine samples and may have diagnostic potential for TTX intoxication.

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“…TTX analogs can also be simultaneously screened by both techniques [18,31]. Prior studies have measured the TTX content in fresh seafood, such as mussels and organs of pufferfish [3,4] and shellfish [3,10,28,29,32]. Acidified water or methanol was used to extract TTX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the matrix effects of tetrodotoxin and its content in cooked seafood by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Yu²,

Lü³

et al. 2015

J. Sep. Science

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Tetrodotoxin is a marine biotoxin with high acute toxicity. The levels in cooked seafood will help us to assess its intake in humans and may help assess the risk of toxicity. However, heavy matrices hinder the direct quantitation of tetrodotoxin. A quantitative method of measuring tetrodotoxin in cooked seafood using liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established in this study. Tetrodotoxin was extracted from the sample matrix using 2% formic acid in methanol and cleaned using a cation exchange cartridge. The cleanup conditions were optimized. The matrix effects were determined using the postextraction spiking method and by comparing the slope of the linear regression equation in sample matrix to that in solvent. The limit of detection in the sample matrix was 5 μg/kg and the limit of quantification was 10 μg/kg. The mean recoveries at three spiking levels were 66.9-89.2% with relative standard deviations of 5.0-10.8% (n = 6) in five different matrices. Tetrodotoxin was found at concentrations of 26.1-2462 μg/kg in nine of 83 cooked seafoods tested in this study. Eight analogs of Tetrodotoxin were detected in the samples studied.

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Tetrodotoxin poisoning evidenced by solid-phase extraction combining with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 54 publications

References 33 publications

Optimization of simultaneous analysis of tetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, 4,9-anhydrotetrodotoxin, and 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Optimization of simultaneous analysis of tetrodotoxin, 4-epitetrodotoxin, 4,9-anhydrotetrodotoxin, and 5,6,11-trideoxytetrodotoxin by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Effect of Different Treatments on Excretion of Tetrodotoxin after Oral Administration in Rat

Study of the matrix effects of tetrodotoxin and its content in cooked seafood by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

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