Tetrodotoxin levels of three pufferfish species (Lagocephalus sp.) caught in the North-Eastern Mediterranean sea

Köşker, Ali Rıza; Özoğul, Fatih; Ayas, Deniz; Durmuş, Mustafa; Uçar, Yılmaz; Regenstein, Joe M.; Özoğul, Yeşim

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.010

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although no studies have been conducted in Turkey regarding TTXs occurrence in bivalve molluscs and gastropods, the presence of TTXs in Turkish waters has been already documented due to the successful establishment of the alien toxic pufferfish L. sceleratus , also known as the silverstripe blaasop [57]. According to the results of two recent studies [58,59], though, two additional alien toxic pufferfish species, the yellow spotted pufferfish ( Torquigener flavimaculosus ) and the Suez puffer Lagocephalus suezensis collected in Turkish waters have been shown to also contain high concentrations of TTXs. Despite the fact that at present the occurrence of TTXs in pufferfish has not been directly related to the occurrence of TTXs in shellfish, this source of increased TTXs incidence in European waters is of major concern and should be taken into account in any relevant risk assessments.…”

Section: Recent Occurrence Data In European Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Risks Associated with Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in European Waters: Recent Advances after The EFSA Scientific Opinion

Katikou

2019

Toxins

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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues are naturally occurring toxins responsible worldwide for human intoxication cases and fatalities, mainly associated with pufferfish consumption. In the last decade, TTXs were detected in marine bivalves and gastropods from European waters. As TTXs are not regulated or monitored at EU level, their unexpected occurrence in shellfish raised concerns as a food safety hazard and revealed the necessity of a thorough assessment on the public health risks associated with their presence. For this reason, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was requested by the European Commission to provide a scientific opinion, finally adopted in March 2017, according to which a provisional concentration below 44 μg TTX equivalents/kg shellfish meat, based on a large portion size of 400 g, was considered not to result in adverse effects in humans. The EFSA expert panel, however, recognized a number of shortcomings and uncertainties related to the unavailability of sufficient scientific data and provided relevant recommendations for future research to overcome these data gaps identified in order to further refine the risk assessment on TTXs. The present review aims to summarize the knowledge obtained towards addressing these recommendations in the two years following publication of the EFSA opinion, at the same time highlighting the points requiring further investigation.

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Section: Recent Occurrence Data In European Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Risks Associated with Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in European Waters: Recent Advances after The EFSA Scientific Opinion

Katikou

2019

Toxins

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“…Moreover, the discoveries of numerous TTX-producing bacteria further suggested the symbiotic synthesis of TTX inside their hosts [13]. However, the amount of TTX in toxic puffer fish varies amongst individuals within the same species, and inter-species, such as sex, age, and seasons [14][15][16], suggesting both inherent and environmental factors are possible to influence the TTX biosynthesis. On the other hand, some researchers queried the bacterial original of TTX as several studies reported the very low in-vitro production of TTX-producing bacteria and even zero detection of TTX in a previously reported TTX-producing bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puffer Fish Gut Microbiota Studies Revealed Unique Bacterial Co-Occurrence Patterns and New Insights on Tetrodotoxin Producers

Tian

Lai

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin isolated mainly from toxic puffer fish. To date, the TTX biosynthetic mechanism inside its hosts remains unresolved. Here, we hypothesize the TTX synthesis relies on the host gut microbiota, including the neglected non-culturable bacteria. In these studies, we collected the gut contents from 5 puffer fish species of the genus Takifugu including one suspected hybrid species for gut microbiota study by 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomics approach. Their gut samples were divided into toxic and non-toxic groups based on the TTX concentrations in the livers detected by LC-MS/MS. Bacterial diversity studies showed that gut microbiota structures were significantly different between toxic and non-toxic species. Vibrio and Cyanobacteria centered at the gut bacterial co-occurrence network, suggesting their importance in TTX biosynthesis. The results of PICRUSt2 metagenomic prediction and gene set enrichment analysis provided new support of arginine-precursor required in TTX biosynthesis. This is the first study to profile the gut microbiota in toxic and non-toxic puffer fish species by 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic approach, defining significant microbial co-occurrence patterns in their gut environment. Our data supported the proposed biosynthesis of TTX inside the hosts by their gut bacterial symbionts using arginine as a precursor.

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“…All of the pufferfish had significant levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Even though the proximate composition and fatty acid contents of L. sceleratus , L. suezensis and T. flavimaculosus are high, it was reported in our previous studies (Kosker et al ., 2016, 2018b, 2019) that due to their tetrodotoxin content, their consumption would not be advisable. Nevertheless, these pufferfish species can be also used in the feed industry by using different processing and rarefaction methods and by reducing the toxin level using additives.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of common pufferfish species in the Mediterranean Sea

Köşker

Regenstein

Özoğul

2020

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary The effects of season and gender on the proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of the most widespread pufferfish species in the Mediterranean Sea (Lagocephalus sceleratus, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Lagocephalus suezensis and Torquigener flavimaculosus) caught in Mersin Bay, in the north‐eastern Mediterranean during four seasons were investigated. The results showed that the crude protein, lipid, moisture and ash level in pufferfish were in the range of 18.7%–21.7%, 0.61%–1.93%, 76.1%–78.6% and 1.08%–1.87%, respectively. All of the pufferfish had significant levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). However, the consumption of L. sceleratus, L. suezensis and T. flavimaculosus may be risky due to the possibility of having tetrodotoxin in their muscles. Nevertheless, L. spadiceus is a pufferfish species that is popularly consumed in East Asian countries, and is of nutritional interest and commercial potential in the Mediterranean region as well so its proximate composition and fatty acid profile are of interest.

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Tetrodotoxin levels of three pufferfish species (Lagocephalus sp.) caught in the North-Eastern Mediterranean sea

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Public Health Risks Associated with Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in European Waters: Recent Advances after The EFSA Scientific Opinion

Public Health Risks Associated with Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in European Waters: Recent Advances after The EFSA Scientific Opinion

Puffer Fish Gut Microbiota Studies Revealed Unique Bacterial Co-Occurrence Patterns and New Insights on Tetrodotoxin Producers

Proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of common pufferfish species in the Mediterranean Sea

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