Tetraploidy induction enhances morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz)

Fakhrzad, Fazilat; Jowkar, Abolfazl; Shekafandeh, Akhtar; Kermani, Maryam Jafarkhani; Moghadam, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111596

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is known that the stomatal widths of diploid, mixoploid and tetraploid plants differ significantly (Cimen 2020). In previous studies, it was found that the applications of oryzalin increased the width of the stomata (Bae et al 2020, Fakhrzad et al 2023, Pliankong et al 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic effects of nitrogen protoxide and oryzalin on “41 B” and “Fercal” grapevine rootstocks seedlings

Kara,

Doğan

2023

Breed. Sci.

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In this study, the mutagenic effects of different doses and exposure times of oryzalin and Nitrogen Protoxide (N 2 O) were tested for stimulating polyploid on 41 B and Fercal grapevine rootstocks seedlings. Ploidy changes were examined by morphological, cytological, macroscopic, and microscopic methods. Leaf thickness, chlorophyll contents, stomatal sizes, and chloroplast numbers of polyploid seedlings stimulated with mutagens increased but their stomatal densities decreased. Flow cytometry (FC) analyses were performed on 50 samples selected by morphological and microscopic preliminary determinations. In FC analyses, 1 tetraploid seedling and 4 mixoploid seedlings from Fercal offspring and 1 mixoploid seedling from 41 B offspring were verified. The nuclear DNA content of tetraploid and mixoploid seedlings were increased by 2.00 and 1.34-fold, respectively, when compared to their diploid parents. Chromosome counts in root tip samples propagated in vitro from the tetraploid Fercal offspring confirmed a 2-fold increase compared to the diploid parent. In polyploidy induction studies, it was deemed appropriate to use FC analysis and chromosome count together to confirm the ploidy levels of mutants. Oryzalin and N 2 O applications at different doses and exposure times were found to be effective for inducing polyploidy in 41 B and Fercal grapevine rootstocks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic effects of nitrogen protoxide and oryzalin on “41 B” and “Fercal” grapevine rootstocks seedlings

Kara,

Doğan

2023

Breed. Sci.

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“…The tetraploid commonly displays some superiority in morphological characteristics such as leaf area in Wallflower ( Erysimum cheiri ) [ 28 ], leaf thickness in Grape ( Vitis vinifera ) [ 29 ], and the length and width of stomata in Hippeastrum papilio [ 30 ]. These traits facilitate the sequestration of carbon through photosynthesis [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro induction of tetraploids and their phenotypic and transcriptome analysis in Glehnia littoralis

Zhang,

Zheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Glehnia littoralis is a medicinal and edible plant species having commercial value and has several hundred years of cultivation history. Polyploid breeding is one of the most important and fastest ways to generate novel varieties. To obtain tetraploids of G. littoralis in vitro, colchicine treatment was given to the seeds and then were screened based on morphology, flow cytometry, and root tip pressing assays. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was performed to identity the differentially expressed genes associated with phenotypic changes in tetraploid G. littoralis. Results The results showed that 0.05% (w/v) colchicine treatment for 48 h was effective in inducing tetraploids in G. littoralis. The tetraploid G. littoralis (2n = 4x = 44) was superior in leaf area, leaf thickness, petiole diameter, SPAD value (Chl SPAD), stomatal size, epidermal tissues thickness, palisade tissues thickness, and spongy tissues thickness to the diploid ones, while the stomatal density of tetraploids was significantly lower. Transcriptome sequencing revealed, a total of 1336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tetraploids and diploids. Chromosome doubling may lead to DNA content change and gene dosage effect, which directly affects changes in quantitative traits, with changes such as increased chlorophyll content, larger stomata and thicker tissue of leaves. Several up-regulated DEGs were found related to growth and development in tetraploid G. littoralis such as CKI, PPDK, hisD and MDP1. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that most of DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways. Conclusions This is the first report of the successful induction of tetraploids in G. littoralis. The information presented in this study facilitate breeding programs and molecular breeding of G. littoralis varieties.

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“…Polyploidization enhances plant adaptability to adverse environmental stresses [ 3 ]. Recently, some studies have indicated that polyploidy in Miscanthus lutarioriparius [ 4 ], Morus alba [ 5 ] and Erysimum cheiri [ 6 ] enhances stress tolerance compared with that of their diploid counterparts. Improved tolerance and adaptation to stress conditions in polyploids may be caused by gene dosage effects or epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or changes in splicing patterns after doubling of the whole genome [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the biosynthesis mechanisms of secondary and medicinal metabolites of this plant with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and cardioactive properties need comprehensive investigations. In a previous study, the drought tolerance of autotetraploid-induced wallflowers was reportedly greater than that of diploids, and autotetraploid-induced wallflowers presented significant increases in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, and stress-related phytohormones [ 6 ]. Gene expression changes are crucial for regulating physiological and biological processes, including the abiotic stress response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression analysis of drought tolerance and cuticular wax biosynthesis in diploid and tetraploid induced wallflowers

Fakhrzad,

Jowkar

2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Whole-genome doubling leads to cell reprogramming, upregulation of stress genes, and establishment of new pathways of drought stress responses in plants. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance and cuticular wax characteristics in diploid and tetraploid-induced Erysimum cheiri. According to real-time PCR analysis, tetraploid induced wallflowers exhibited increased expression of several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), including AREB1 and AREB3; the stress response genes RD29A and ERD1 under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, two cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway genes, CER1 and SHN1, were upregulated in tetraploid plants under drought conditions. Leaf morphological studies revealed that tetraploid leaves were covered with unique cuticular wax crystalloids, which produced a white fluffy appearance, while the diploid leaves were green and smooth. The greater content of epicuticular wax in tetraploid leaves than in diploid leaves can explain the decrease in cuticle permeability as well as the decrease in water loss and improvement in drought tolerance in wallflowers. GC‒MS analysis revealed that the wax components included alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and fatty acids. The most abundant wax compound in this plant was alkanes (50%), the most predominant of which was C29. The relative abundance of these compounds increased significantly in tetraploid plants under drought stress conditions. These findings revealed that tetraploid-induced wallflowers presented upregulation of multiple drought-related and wax biosynthesis genes; therefore, polyploidization has proved useful for improving plant drought tolerance.

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Tetraploidy induction enhances morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz)

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Mutagenic effects of nitrogen protoxide and oryzalin on “41 B” and “Fercal” grapevine rootstocks seedlings

Mutagenic effects of nitrogen protoxide and oryzalin on “41 B” and “Fercal” grapevine rootstocks seedlings

In vitro induction of tetraploids and their phenotypic and transcriptome analysis in Glehnia littoralis

Gene expression analysis of drought tolerance and cuticular wax biosynthesis in diploid and tetraploid induced wallflowers

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