Tetraploidy in mice, embryonic cell number, and the grain of the developmental map

Henery, C. C.; Bard, Jonathan; Kaufman, M. H.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(92)90131-y

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In vivo, vertebrate cell size can be manipulated by altering ploidy (since cell size varies directly with DNA content). Remarkably, salamander and mouse embryos in which cell size is altered by this approach exhibit an essentially normal total size despite significant changes in cell number, 39,40 indicating that cell volume and division can be inversely regulated to achieve normal tissue mass. (Of note, in chimeric mouse embryos, tetraploid cells are less "competitively" fit than diploid cells, providing the basis for the widely applied technique of tetraploid embryo complementation 41 ).…”

Section: Early Studies Of Vertebrate Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Organ size determination and the limits of regulation

Stanger¹

2008

Cell Cycle

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Section: Early Studies Of Vertebrate Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Organ size determination and the limits of regulation

Stanger¹

2008

Cell Cycle

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“…The size of an organ, and hence that of the whole body, in mammals is maintained by keeping the total cell mass, not the cell number, constant (Conlon and Raff, 1999). A good example of this is seen in a tetraploid mouse carrying larger and fewer cells (Henery et al, 1992). Various mechanisms keeping the organ size or cell mass constant have been proposed (Conlon and Raff, 1999;Brock and Gomer, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 controls body size and lifespan inC. elegans

et al. 2003

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“…Polyploids abort or die at various developmental stages after implantation [9,10]. Mouse tetraploid embryos have been reported to develop to midgestation, but abort spontaneously [11][12][13][14]. Although full-term tetraploid embryos have been reported by Snow et al [3,15,16], Tarkowski et al (1977) were unable to produce embryos beyond the tenth day of development [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression Profiling of Tetraploid Mouse Embryos in the Developmental Stages Using a cDNA Microarray Analysis

Kawaguchi

Kanô

Naito

2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Tetraploid embryos normally develop to the blastocyst stage before implantation, but fail to survive after implantation. To better understand these characteristics of the tetraploid embryo, we produced tetraploid embryos by electrofusion and analyzed expressed genes that participated in mammalian embryogenesis using a DNA microarray analysis and a publicly available bioinformatics analysis of hatched tetraploid and diploid blastocysts. Transcriptome analysis with the DNA microarray revealed that the expression level of most genes was almost the same between diploid and tetraploid blastocysts. We found that the expression levels 2,800 genes were increased, but the expression levels over 1,600 genes were decreased in tetraploid blastocysts, which have a genomic composition identical to that of diploid blastocysts. In tetraploid blastocysts, the levels of 15 genes were decreased more than two-fold compared with the levels in diploid blastocysts. Among these downregulated genes, Ccnb1 (cyclin B1), which was decreased by 3-fold, seemed to play a particularly important role in the cellular organization of the tetraploid blastocyst. To classify the major functional classes of all the genes differentially expressed between diploid and tetraploid blastocysts, we employed a publicly available bioinformatics database, the VisuaL Annotation Display (VLAD). VLAD revealed several altered pathways in tetraploid blastocysts. Some of the enhanced biological processes were moderately involved with chromosome organization, while the suppressed processes were significantly involved with cell division and the mitotic cell cycle, metabolic processes and protein localization and transport. Taken together, our results revealed a large population of downregulated genes in tetraploid hatched blastocysts, and our convergent data suggest that the downregulation might primarily individualize the tetraploid phenotype in hatched blastocysts. Key words: Blastocyst, Microarray, Mouse, Tetraploid (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [670][671][672][673][674][675] 2009) pontaneous duplication of the mammalian genome happens in less than 1% of fertilizations [1,2]. Tetraploids can be produced by either inhibition of cleavage or blastomere fusion [3][4][5][6]. Currently, the most commonly used method of producing tetraploid embryos in mice is electrofusion by electrical stimulation of 2-cellstage embryos [7,8].After blastomere fusion, tetraploid embryos can be cultured to the blastocyst stage by using a standard preimplantation embryo culture medium, which implies that tetraploid cells might have the normal function of many cells in the early embryo before implantation. Polyploids abort or die at various developmental stages after implantation [9,10]. Mouse tetraploid embryos have been reported to develop to midgestation, but abort spontaneously [11][12][13][14]. Although full-term tetraploid embryos have been reported by Snow et al. [3,15,16], Tarkowski et al. (1977) were unable to produce embryos beyond the tenth day of development [4].So far, ther...

show abstract

Tetraploidy in mice, embryonic cell number, and the grain of the developmental map

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

Organ size determination and the limits of regulation

Organ size determination and the limits of regulation

Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 controls body size and lifespan inC. elegans

Expression Profiling of Tetraploid Mouse Embryos in the Developmental Stages Using a cDNA Microarray Analysis

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