Tetraploid wheat species Triticum timopheevii and Triticum militinae in common wheat improvement

Järve, Kadri; Jakobson, Irena; Enno, T.

doi:10.1556/aagr.50.2002.4.9

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…and to common wheat (T. aestivum L.) [13,14]. It is worth noting that these ancient wheats are characterized by an immunity to the prevalent wheat diseases such as rusts, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blast, as well as a tolerance to salt and excessive humidity; additionally, they are well adapted to cool environments [13,[15][16][17][18]. Their cultivation is currently limited to marginal areas for the production of traditional foods, particularly flat breads, and for feed, whereas straw is made into mats, carpets, baskets and is used for packing material [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Caucasian Wheats: A Contribution for Sustainable Diets and Food Diversity

Nocente

Galassi

Taddei

et al. 2022

Foods

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Through the centuries, the domestication and modern breeding of wheat led to a significant loss of genetic variation in the cultivated gene pool with a consequent decrease in food diversity. Current trends towards low-input and sustainable agriculture call for the revitalization and exploitation of ancient wheats, which represent a reservoir of biodiversity useful to ensure sustainable wheat production in the context of climate change and low-input farming systems. Ancient Caucasian wheat species, such as the hulled wheats Triticum timopheevii (tetraploid AuAuGG) and Triticum zhukovskyi (hexaploid AuAuAmAmGG), are still grown to a limited extent in the Caucasus for the production of traditional foods. These Caucasian wheats were grown in Italy and were analyzed for physical, nutritional and technological characteristics and compared to durum wheat. Both Caucasian species revealed a high protein content (on average 18.5%) associated with a low gluten index, mainly in T. zhukovskyi, and test weight values comparable to commercial wheats. The total antioxidant capacity was revealed to be the double of that in durum wheat, suggesting the use of ancient Caucasian wheats for the production of healthy foods. Finally, the technological and rheological results indicated that Caucasian wheats could be potential raw material for the formulation of flat breads, biscuits and pasta.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Caucasian Wheats: A Contribution for Sustainable Diets and Food Diversity

Nocente

Galassi

Taddei

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…and smut [ Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostrup] (McIntosh and Gyárfás 1971 ; Järve et al 2002 ). This species also has outstanding tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cytogenetic identification and phenotypic description of a new synthetic amphiploid, Triticum timococcum (AtAtGGAmAm)

Mikó

Megyeri

Farkas

et al. 2014

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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A recently developed synthetic amphiploid, Triticum timococcum Kost., nom. nud. (2n = 6x = 42, AtAtGGAmAm) is described in the present study. This hexaploid taxon was developed by colchicine treatment in Martonvásár from the hybrid of a selected accession of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 4x = 28, AtAtGG) and a prebred semi-dwarf line of Triticum monococcum L. (2n = 2x = 14, AmAm). A detailed cytomolecular examination was carried out using the sequential multicolour fluorescence and genomic in situ hybridization techniques (FISH and mcGISH). It was proved that T. timococcum has 42 chromosomes originating from its parents. The chromosomes of the A genomes of T. monococcum and T. timopheevii could be distinguished in the amphiploid using FISH. The successful discrimination of the chromosomes was supported by the karyotypes of the three genomes and the successful optimization of the mcGISH technique for the A and G chromosomes achieved in the present study. A phenotypic evaluation was also carried out under natural and artificial growing conditions in 2012 and 2013. Based on the results, T. timococcum has intermediate characteristics in terms of spike (spikelet) shape and plant height, while it is similar to the female parent, T. timopheevii regarding pubescence. Like its parents, T. timococcum showed outstanding resistance to the main fungal diseases of wheat. T. timococcum headed later and developed longer and looser spikes, fewer tillers and only a third as many seeds than its parents. The third generation of T. timococcum was able to develop an acceptable number of seeds, even taking into account the reduced germination ability in the field.

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“…Thus, the comparison of a number of kernels in interspecific hybrids from crosses between bread wheat cultivars Skala, Novosibirskaya 67, Botanicheskaya 2, Altaiskaya 81, Ghnitsa and Chinese spring with T. timopheevii (genome A t A t GG) showed that fertility was significantly higher in the hybrids derived on the base of Novosibirskaya 67 and Skala [15]. However, a ploidy level of the recipient has no significant effect on the fertility and chromosome pairing of interspecific hybrids [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

et al. 2020

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Background Triticum kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of bread wheat as a source of high grain protein and gluten content, as well as resistance to many diseases. The use of T. kiharae for the improvement of T. aestivum L. is complicated by the fact that the homology degree of their genomes is low and this leads to an unbalanced set of chromosomes in the gametes of its first generations and the elimination of some genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions and their effect on the cytological stability of hybrids obtained from crossing of bread wheat varieties with T. kiharae. Results Using C-banding, the presence of entire chromosomes of T. kiharae in the karyotypes of hybrid lines (intergenomic substitution 2G/2B), chromosome arms (centric translocation Т2AtS:2AL) and large inserts in the form of terminal translocations involving chromosomes of 1st, 3rd and 5th homoeologous groups of B- and G-genomes were found. Molecular markers revealed short introgression of T. kiharae into the genome of common wheat varieties. The highest introgression frequency was shown for 1A, 1B, 2A, 5B, and 6A chromosomes, while no foreign chromatin was detected in 4A and 4B chromosomes. A high level of cytological stability (a meiotic index of 88.18–93.0%) was noted for the majority of introgression lines. An exception was found for the lines containing the structural reorganization of chromosome 5B, affecting the main genes of chromosome synapsis in terms of their functioning. Conclusions During the stabilization of hybrid karyotypes, the introgression of genetic material from T. kiharae into the genome of T. aestivum occurs in the form of short fragments detectable only by molecular markers and in the form of whole chromosomes (intergenomic substitution) and their large fragments (centric and terminal translocations). The level of cytological stability achieved in F10 by the majority of introgression lines ensures the formation of functional gametes sufficient for the successful reproduction of the obtained hybrids.

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Tetraploid wheat species Triticum timopheevii and Triticum militinae in common wheat improvement

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Ancient Caucasian Wheats: A Contribution for Sustainable Diets and Food Diversity

Ancient Caucasian Wheats: A Contribution for Sustainable Diets and Food Diversity

Molecular cytogenetic identification and phenotypic description of a new synthetic amphiploid, Triticum timococcum (AtAtGGAmAm)

Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

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