Tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosus, abnormal myocardial architecture and anomalies of the aortic arch system induced by bis-diamine in rat fetuses

Abstract

The cardinal defect may be the anomalous and reduced development of the sixth arch arteries, which by imposing pressure overload on the fetal right ventricle, may have led to either or both the persistence of ventricular septal defect as a vent or the formation of myocardial architecture favorable for the generation of pressure in the right ventricle.

Alterations in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature

“…WIN, having been briefly investigated as a potential male contraceptive (Heller et al, 1961), was shown to be a potent inducer of congenital heart defects including coronary defects, yet, the cause for such defects remains poorly understood (Oster et al, 1974; Kilburn et al, 1982; Binder, 1985; Tasaka et al, 1991; Ito et al, 1992; Okishima et al, 1992; Kuribayashi and Roberts, 1993; Jackson et al, 1995; Nishijima et al, 2000; Okamoto et al, 2004; Fujino et al, 2005; Kise et al, 2005; Hanato et al, 2011). We found that administration of WIN between E9.5 and E13.5 dramatically reduced the amount of RA and alters RA-signaling in developing mouse embryos and their hearts (Wang et al, 2018).…”

Expression of Connexin 43 in the hearts of rat embryos exposed to nitrofen and effects of vitamin A on it

“…The antioxidant properties of vitamin A could also account by themselves for a part of these beneficial effects. Nitrofen and other oxidant agents like bisdiamine, BCPA, and SB-210661 induce CDH with heart malformations and hypoplasia [49,50] by inhibiting retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH2) an essential enzyme for lung development [24,51]. It has been shown that other antioxidant vitamins (C and E) diminish the effects of nitrofen in exposed rats or in human cultured pneumocytes [52,53].…”

Vitamin A improves Pax3 expression that is decreased in the heart of rats with experimental diaphragmatic hernia

“…In addition to nitrofen, other oxidant substances such as bisdiamine, 4-biphenyl-carboxycil acid (BCPA) and SB-210661 induce CDH with cardiac hypoplasia and anomalies of the heart and aortic arch arteries in exposed rat fetuses [43,44]. These substances are able to inhibit retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH-2), an important enzyme for lung development [22,45].…”