Tetralogy of Fallot (Eisemenger Type) With Hypoplasia of the Dextroposed Aorta

Talley, James E.; Fowler, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1097/00000441-193619150-00003

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Hoarseness has been described with left ventricular failure (King et al, 1934), atrial septal defect (Dolowitz and Lewis, 1948), Eisenmenger complex (Talley and Fowler, 1936), patent ductus arteriosus (Stocker and Enterline, 1958) and primary pulmonary hypertension (Rosenberg, 1964). Kagal etal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ortner's syndrome revisited

et al. 1998

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Hoarseness of voice due to paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve caused by a dilated left atrium in mitral stenosis as discussed by Ortner, is a subject of controversy. Different authors have cited different mechanisms as explanation. A variety of cardiac problems such as primary pulmonary hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, various congenital heart disorders can all lead to paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Most authors believe that pressure in the pulmonary artery causes the nerve compression. In Papua New Guinea cor pulmonale and rheumatic heart disease are the commonest cardiac disorders seen. Ortner's syndrome is a rarity and has never been reported from here before. Here three different case reports are presented with mitral stenosis, primary pulmonary hypertension and combined mitral stenosis and regurgitation and the pathogenesis of hoarseness is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ortner's syndrome revisited

et al. 1998

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Abnormal pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in embryos

Shaner

1963

Anat. Rec.

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Four kinds of abnormal pulmonary and three kinds of abnormal semilunar valves are described from pig and human embryos of an age equivalent to the first human trimester. The pulmonary valves include bicuspid forms resulting from the absence of an anterior cusp, from the fusion of left and anterior cusps and from the fusion of left and right cusps; also dome-shaped valves. The aortic valves include bicuspid forms resulting from the absence of the non-coronary cusp and from the fusion of right and left cusps. All are discussed in the light of accompanying heart anomalies and a re-examination of normal cusp development. Embryonic abnormal pulmonary valves are generally linked with early stages of Fallot's tetralogy. They are caused by a n arrest in heart development and the changed hemodynamic conditions that result from it. Embryonic abnormal aortic valves are caused by a n arrest in heart development and an abnormal degree of coarctation of the aorta. The evidence from embryos supports the general belief that abnormal pulmonary cusps of all ages, when not caused by infection, are of congenital origin. Some aortic abnormal valves are also of congenital origin, but are hard to distinguish from similar ones produced after birth by postnatal coarctation.Many abnormal semilunar valves thought to be congenital have been reported from the hearts of infants and older persons. Abnormal pulmonary valves may be bicuspid, or dome-shaped; they may have extra cusps or no cusps at all. Abnormal aortic valves fall into the same categories, except that there seems to be no record of a complete absence of aortic cusps.Pulmonary bicuspid valves in infants and older persons occur so often with a patent interventricular foramen and other signs of arrested heart development that a congenital origin may always be suspected (Koletsky, '41a). The comprehensive surveys of Dilg (1883) and of all later writers attest this. Just which cusp is defective in bicuspid pulmonary valves is not always clear, thanks to confusing terminology and lack of critical detail. Bicuspid pulmonary valves may result from a simple absence of the anterior cusp ( fig. I ) , or from a fusion of the anterior cusp with either the right or left cusps; a fusion of the right and left cusps is the least frequent anomaly. Dome-shaped pulmonary valves are often found with isolated pulmonary stenosis (Friedberg, '56). Some quadricuspid valves appear in hearts with other congenital anomalies ( Kissin, '36).Campeau et al. ('61) cite 15 cases of complete absence of pulmonary cusps linked with Fallot's tetralogy and presumably congenital in origin.Authorities differ over the congenital origin of aortic bicuspid valves, especially of those in older persons (Gross, '37; Koletsky, '41b). Bicuspid aortic valves are very often combined with coarctation (Reifenstein e t al., '47). Since the coronary arteries label the right and left cusps, the cusps involved are easily recognized. All agree that bicuspid valves from a fusion of the two coronary cusps is the most frequent an...

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Tetralogy of Fallot (Eisemenger Type) With Hypoplasia of the Dextroposed Aorta

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Ortner's syndrome revisited

Ortner's syndrome revisited

Abnormal pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in embryos

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