Tetracyclines

Béhal, V.; Hunter, Iain S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-9095-9.50022-8

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The oxyTA1 has been identifi ed in the OTC gene cluster, which is divergently transcribed from the resistance gene otrB (3). Thus, the overall topology of the otrB-oxyTA1 region mirrors that found in Tn10, with the expression of the tetracycline effl ux pump being controlled by a divergent repressor (78,83). Finally, the otrC gene, which is not part of the otc gene cluster, is only ensuring a lower level of resistance against OTC (85).…”

Section: Regulation Of Tetracycline Biosynthesis and Genes Involved Imentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, three genes encoding resistant determinants (otr), designated otrA, otrB and otrC, have been identifi ed in S. rimosus (78,79). OTC is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by reversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and preventing the formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA-ribosome complex.…”

Section: Regulation Of Tetracycline Biosynthesis and Genes Involved Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosynthesis of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus: Past, Present and Future Directions in the Development of Tetracycline Antibiotics

Petković

Lukežič²,

Šušković

2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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SummaryNatural tetracycline (TC) antibiotics were the fi rst major class of therapeutics to earn the distinction of 'broad-spectrum antibiotics' and they have been used since the 1940s against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, mycoplasmas, intracellular chlamydiae, rickett siae and protozoan parasites. The second generation of semisynthetic tetracyclines, such as minocycline and doxycycline, with improved antimicrobial potency, were introduced during the 1960s. Despite emerging resistance to TCs erupting during the 1980s, it was not until 2006, more than four decades later, that a third--generation TC, named tigecycline, was launched. In addition, two TC analogues, omadacycline and eravacycline, developed via (semi)synthetic and fully synthetic routes, respectively, are at present under clinical evaluation. Interestingly, despite very productive early work on the isolation of a Streptomyces aureofaciens mutant strain that produced 6-demethyl-7-chlortetracycline, the key intermediate in the production of second-and third-generation TCs, biosynthetic approaches in TC development have not been productive for more than 50 years. Relatively slow and tedious molecular biology approaches for the genetic manipulation of TC-producing actinobacteria, as well as an insuffi cient understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms involved in TC biosynthesis have signifi cantly contributed to the low success of such biosynthetic engineering eff orts. However, new opportunities in TC drug development have arisen thanks to a signifi cant progress in the development of aff ordable and versatile biosynthetic engineering and synthetic biology approaches, and, importantly, to a much deeper understanding of TC biosynthesis, mostly gained over the last two decades.

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Section: Regulation Of Tetracycline Biosynthesis and Genes Involved Imentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Regulation Of Tetracycline Biosynthesis and Genes Involved Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus: Past, Present and Future Directions in the Development of Tetracycline Antibiotics

Petković

Lukežič²,

Šušković

2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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“…5000 Tonnen Tetracycline verwendet. [19] Angesichts dieses massiven Einsatzes in den letzten sechzig Jahren überrascht das Auftreten vieler resistenter Bakterienstämme nicht. Letzteres hat zweifellos zur rückläufigen Verwendung von Tetracyclinen in der Humanmedizin beigetragen.…”

Section: Tetracyclineunclassified

Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika

et al. 2009

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Seit der bahnbrechenden Entdeckung von Penicillin wurde die Vielfalt natürlich vorkommender Moleküle ausgiebig hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung als Medikamente sowie zum Auffinden neuer Leitstrukturen beim Wirkstoffdesign untersucht. Die Suche nach Wirkstoffen, mit denen Infektionskrankheiten bekämpft werden können, war dabei von besonderem Interesse und verlief sehr erfolgreich. Die Erforschung der Antibiotika weist eindrucksvolle Entdeckungen und Geschichten über die Entwicklung von Wirkstoffen auf, von denen die große Mehrheit ihren Ursprung in Naturstoffen hat. Die Chemie und besonders die chemische Synthese haben eine bedeutende Rolle dabei gespielt, natürlich vorkommende Antibiotika und deren Derivate für die medizinische Anwendung bereitzustellen, und zweifellos werden diese Disziplinen auch künftig Schlüsseltechnologien sein. In dieser Übersicht stellen wir einige der bedeutendsten neueren Entwicklungen und Fortschritte in der Chemie, Biologie und Medizin natürlich vorkommender Antibiotika vor, wobei die Totalsynthese, das Design von Analoga und die biologische Bewertung von Molekülen mit neuartigen Wirkmechanismen im Vordergrund stehen.

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“…We have developed an LC-ESI/MS/MS method capable of meeting bioanalytical standards defined by the FDA guidance published in May 2001. Since Streptomyces isolates capable of synthesizing CTC cannot acquire and maintain the genetic material for the synthesis of oxytetracycline (OTC), and viceversa (Behal and Hunter, 1995), we have used OTC as internal standard. The assay is able to quantify CTC in plasma but also has been adapted for water analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chlortetracycline in swine plasma by LC-ESI/MS/MS

Beaudry

Castillo

2005

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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A rapid, selective and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of chlortetracycline in swine plasma by LC-ESI/MS/MS. The method consists of a protein precipitation extraction for sample preparation and liquid chromatography ionspray tandem mass spectrometry for analysis. The plasma samples were extracted with acetonitrile and the supernatants were analyzed using an LC-ESI/MS/MS instrument. Separation was achieved using a C(8) analytical column and an isocratic mobile phase composed of 70:30 acetonitrile:0.5% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 500 microL/min. A linear (weighted 1/concentration) relationship was used to perform the calibration over an analytical range 20--2000 ppb (ng/mL). The intra-batch precision and accuracy at LLOQ, medium and high concentrations were 9.0, 11.3 and 9.9% and 97.7, 100.3 and 98.4%, respectively, and the inter-batch precision and accuracy at LLOQ, medium and high concentrations were 9.1, 8.4 and 7.4% and 95.1, 102.1 and 97.1%, respectively. This LC-ESI/MS/MS method for the determination of chlortetracycline in swine plasma has been proven to be within generally accepted criteria used for bioanalytical assay.

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Tetracyclines

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Biosynthesis of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus: Past, Present and Future Directions in the Development of Tetracycline Antibiotics

Biosynthesis of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus: Past, Present and Future Directions in the Development of Tetracycline Antibiotics

Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika

Determination of chlortetracycline in swine plasma by LC-ESI/MS/MS

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