Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate as an effective and regenerable thermo-responsive ionic liquid drawing agent in forward osmosis for seawater desalination

Zeweldi, Hana G.; Bendoy, Anelyn P.; Park, Myoung Jun; Shon, Ho Kyong; Kim, Han-Seung; Johnson, Eldin M.; Kim, Hern; Lee, Seong‐Poong; Chung, Wook–Jin; Nisola, Grace M.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114635

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The interaction between Na + ions and the oxygen atoms from either the polyoxometalate anion or surrounding water molecules makes the species in Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 solution a larger size than those in (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 solution, resulting in a higher viscosity. Nevertheless, all the relative viscosities of (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 and Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 are less than 1.5 and are much smaller than those of the draw solutes reported elsewhere (Figure b). − Thus, they are expected not to exacerbate the internal concentration polarization (ICP) issue and insignificantly impact the FO separation process. On the other hand, the osmotic pressures of the (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 and Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 are much higher than those of the aforementioned draw solutes (Figure b). − This is mainly attributed to the ionic properties and higher dissociation ability of the polyoxometalates developed here, which release more ionic species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Nevertheless, all the relative viscosities of (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 and Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 are less than 1.5 and are much smaller than those of the draw solutes reported elsewhere (Figure b). − Thus, they are expected not to exacerbate the internal concentration polarization (ICP) issue and insignificantly impact the FO separation process. On the other hand, the osmotic pressures of the (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 and Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 are much higher than those of the aforementioned draw solutes (Figure b). − This is mainly attributed to the ionic properties and higher dissociation ability of the polyoxometalates developed here, which release more ionic species. As a draw solution with a lower viscosity and a higher osmotic pressure drives the FO separation more efficiently, the polyoxometalates, especially (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 , thus are expected to outperform those reported draw solutes in the FO process, which will be discussed in the subsequent sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The inset shows the Na + -coordinated structure of Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 ; (b) comparison in relative viscosity and osmotic pressure of (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 and Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 with other reported draw solutes. (Note: (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 : 0.4 M; Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 : 0.4 M; Glu-K: 0.4 M; P-Na-3: 0.1 g/mL; GE 7 B 3 : 56 wt %; [P 4444 ][TMBS]: 75 wt %; and [N 4444 ][MeBnSO 3 ]: 0.5 M …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,43 This effectively prevents the reverse diffusion of these polyoxometalate solutes during the FO process. On the other hand, owing to a higher charge density of the Mo 7 O 24 6− anion than that of HCO Besides the advantages over the conventional NH 4 HCO 3 and NaCl draw solutes, (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 and Na 6 Mo 7 O 24 also surpass other synthetic draw solutes recently reported, such as glyconate-k (Glu-K), 34 poly(4-styrenesulfonic-acid-co-maleic acid) sodium (P-Na-3), 35 glycerol-oligo(ethylene oxide)block-oligo(butylene oxide) polymers (GE 7 B 3 ), 36 and tetrabutylphosphonium ionic liquids 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate ([P 4444 ][TMBS]) 37 and tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate ([N 4444 ][MeBnSO 3 ]), 38 with a higher water transfer rate and lower solute loss (Figure S2). This suggests that the polyoxometalates developed here have great potential for application in water reclamation with not only a higher water recovery efficiency but also lower costs without draw solute replenishment caused by solute loss.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH-Responsive Polyoxometalates that Achieve Efficient Wastewater Reclamation and Source Recovery via Forward Osmosis

Shi

Liao

Chen

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Forward osmosis (FO) has been increasingly used for water treatment. However, the lack of suitable draw solutes impedes its further development. Herein, we design pH-responsive polyoxometalates, that is, (NH4)6Mo7O24 and Na6Mo7O24, as draw solutes for simultaneous water reclamation and resource recovery from wastewater via FO. Both polyoxometalates have a cage-like configuration and release multiple ionic species in water. These characteristics allow them to generate high osmotic pressures to drive the FO separation efficiently with negligible reverse solute diffusion. (NH4)6Mo7O24 and Na6Mo7O24 at a dilute concentration (0.4 M) produce water fluxes of 16.4 LMH and 14.2 LMH, respectively, against DI water, outperforming the frequently used commercial NaCl and NH4HCO3 draw solutes, and other synthetic materials. With an average water flux of 10.0 LMH, (NH4)6Mo7O24 reclaims water from the simulated glutathione-containing wastewater more efficiently than Na6Mo7O24 (9.1 LMH), NaCl (3.3 LMH), and NH4HCO3 (5.6 LMH). The final glutathione treated with (NH4)6Mo7O24 and Na6Mo7O24 remains intact but that treated with NaCl and NH4HCO3 is either denatured or contaminated owing to their severe leakage in FO. Remarkably, both polyoxometalates are readily recycled by pH regulation and reused for FO. Polyoxometalate is thus proven to be an appropriate candidate for FO separation in wastewater reclamation and resource recovery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

pH-Responsive Polyoxometalates that Achieve Efficient Wastewater Reclamation and Source Recovery via Forward Osmosis

Shi

Liao

Chen

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Several very recent papers might mark a renewed interest in the subject [ 180 , 181 , 182 ]. An urgent problem that needs to be addressed in future studies is the relatively low water flow achieved until now by thermoresponsive IL/water desalination set ups.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: From Nanostructuring to Phase Separation

et al. 2022

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The thermodynamics, structures, and applications of thermoresponsive systems, consisting primarily of water solutions of organic salts, are reviewed. The focus is on organic salts of low melting temperatures, belonging to the ionic liquid (IL) family. The thermo-responsiveness is represented by a temperature driven transition between a homogeneous liquid state and a biphasic state, comprising an IL-rich phase and a solvent-rich phase, divided by a relatively sharp interface. Demixing occurs either with decreasing temperatures, developing from an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), or, less often, with increasing temperatures, arising from a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In the former case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both positive, and enthalpy prevails at low T. In the latter case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both negative, and entropy drives the demixing with increasing T. Experiments and computer simulations highlight the contiguity of these phase separations with the nanoscale inhomogeneity (nanostructuring), displayed by several ILs and IL solutions. Current applications in extraction, separation, and catalysis are briefly reviewed. Moreover, future applications in forward osmosis desalination, low-enthalpy thermal storage, and water harvesting from the atmosphere are discussed in more detail.

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On the evaluating membrane flux of forward osmosis systems: Data assessment and advanced intelligent modeling

Hekmatmehr,

Esmaeili,

Atashrouz

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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As an emerging desalination technology, forward osmosis (FO) can potentially become a reliable method to help remedy the current water crisis. Introducing uncomplicated and precise models could help FO systems' optimization. This paper presents the prediction and evaluation of FO systems' membrane flux using various artificial intelligence‐based models. Detailed data gathering and cleaning were emphasized because appropriate modeling requires precise inputs. Accumulating data from the original sources, followed by duplicate removal, outlier detection, and feature selection, paved the way to begin modeling. Six models were executed for the prediction task, among which two are tree‐based models, two are deep learning models, and two are miscellaneous models. The calculated coefficient of determination (R2) of our best model (XGBoost) was 0.992. In conclusion, tree‐based models (XGBoost and CatBoost) show more accurate performance than neural networks. Furthermore, in the sensitivity analysis, feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) concentrations showed a strong correlation with membrane flux.Practitioner Points The FO membrane flux was predicted using a variety of machine‐learning models. Thorough data preprocessing was executed. The XGBoost model showed the best performance, with an R2 of 0.992. Tree‐based models outperformed neural networks and other models.

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Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate as an effective and regenerable thermo-responsive ionic liquid drawing agent in forward osmosis for seawater desalination

Cited by 34 publications

References 67 publications

pH-Responsive Polyoxometalates that Achieve Efficient Wastewater Reclamation and Source Recovery via Forward Osmosis

pH-Responsive Polyoxometalates that Achieve Efficient Wastewater Reclamation and Source Recovery via Forward Osmosis

Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: From Nanostructuring to Phase Separation

On the evaluating membrane flux of forward osmosis systems: Data assessment and advanced intelligent modeling

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