Tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in infant–mother paired serum samples, and their relationships with thyroid hormones and environmental factors

Kim, Un-Jung; Oh, Jeong‐Eun

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.034

Cited by 119 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In general, very little is known about human exposure to some of these chemicals (e.g.,BPDP, IDDP, IPP), but there have been some reports for the others. Body burden (hair, urine, serum) of these chemical is reported in approximately the pg to ng/g range (Cooper et al, 2011; Kim and Oh, 2014; Liu et al, 2015; Meeker et al, 2013; Reemtsma et al, 2011), which is at least 1000 times lower than the lowest exposure concentration used in the present study. In some cases, however, higher levels are reported in some humans in the lower µg/g range (Cooper et al, 2011; Liu et al, 2015; Reemtsma et al, 2011); these body burden concentrations may overlap with some of the lower concentrations used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Acute and developmental behavioral effects of flame retardants and related chemicals in zebrafish

Jarema

Hunter

Shaffer

et al. 2015

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

144

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As polybrominated diphenyl ethers are phased out, numerous compounds are emerging as potential replacement flame retardants for use in consumer and electronic products. Little is known, however, about the neurobehavioral toxicity of these replacements. This study evaluated the neurobehavioral effects of acute or developmental exposure to t-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDP), isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDP), isopropylated phenyl phosphate (IPP), tricresyl phosphate (TMPP; also abbreviated TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP; also abbreviated TPP), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP; also abbreviated TDCPP), tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), and 2,2-,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Larvae (n ≈ 24 per dose per compound) were exposed to test compounds (0.4–120 µM) at sub-teratogenic concentrations either developmentally or acutely, and locomotor activity was assessed at 6 days post fertilization. When given developmentally, all chemicals except BPDP, IDDP and TBBPA produced behavioral effects. When given acutely, all chemicals produced behavioral effects, with TPHP, TBBPA, EHDP, IPP, and BPDP eliciting the most effects at the most concentrations. The results indicate that these replacement flame retardants may have developmental or pharmacological effects on the vertebrate nervous system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Acute and developmental behavioral effects of flame retardants and related chemicals in zebrafish

Jarema

Hunter

Shaffer

et al. 2015

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

144

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“…Our SPE extraction methods were adapted from previous techniques using Oasis HLB SPE columns for the extraction of PBDEs, HBCDs, and OH-BDEs from serum [27–29, 33]. A flow chart of the developed method is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an analytical method to quantify PBDEs, OH-BDEs, HBCDs, 2,4,6-TBP, EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP in human serum

2016

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) flame retardants (FRs) were phased-out in the mid-2000s (penta- and octaBDE) and 2013 (decaBDE); however, their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-BDEs) are still commonly detected in human serum. Today, novel FRs such as Firemaster® 550, a mixture that contains two brominated compounds, EH-TBB and BEH-TEBP are used as replacements for PBDEs in some applications, and there is a need to develop a comprehensive analytical method to assess exposure to both legacy PBDEs and novel FRs. This study developed a solid-phase extraction (SPE)-based method to analyze PBDEs, OH-BDEs, 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), hexabromocylcododecane isomers (HBCDs), EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP in human serum. Briefly, serum proteins were first denatured with formic acid, and then the target analytes were isolated using a SPE column. Finally, the extract was cleaned and fractioned using a silica SPE column. Method performance was assessed by spiking fetal bovine serum with 1–2 ng of the target analytes, and method accuracy was quantified by comparison to a serum Standard Reference Material (SRM). The developed method showed good recovery and accuracy for all target analytes with the exception of the very low and very high molecular weight PBDE congeners. Using this method, 43 serum samples collected from the Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby Study (HPHB) cohort in Durham, NC, USA were analyzed for FRs. A novel finding was the ubiquitous detection of 2,4, 6-TBP, at levels greater than the individual PBDE congeners. Furthermore, 2,4,6-TBP was positively correlated with PBDEs, suggesting that they may have a similar source of exposure, or that 2,4,6-TBP may result from metabolism of PBDEs in vivo.

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“…Thomsen et al (2007) described very high concentrations of HBCD ranging from 6 to 856 ng/g lw in blood serum from workers in an industrial EPS plant in Norway and found that a-HBCD only accounted for 60%, but g-HBCD for 39% of the total HBCD, suggesting a recent contamination event. Furthermore, it appears that HBCD can be transferred from mothers to infants (Kim and Oh, 2014). Although most studies have been conducted on concentrations of HBCD in body fluids, HBCD has also been determined in the human body in different tissues, e.g.…”

Section: Hbcd In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) with a focus on legislation and recent publications concerning toxicokinetics and -dynamics

Koch

Schmidt-Kötters²,

Rupp

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

123

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Tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in infant–mother paired serum samples, and their relationships with thyroid hormones and environmental factors

Cited by 119 publications

References 39 publications

Acute and developmental behavioral effects of flame retardants and related chemicals in zebrafish

Acute and developmental behavioral effects of flame retardants and related chemicals in zebrafish

Development of an analytical method to quantify PBDEs, OH-BDEs, HBCDs, 2,4,6-TBP, EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP in human serum

Review of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) with a focus on legislation and recent publications concerning toxicokinetics and -dynamics

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