Tetraalkylphosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids for a Single-Step Dye Extraction/MALDI MS Analysis Platform

Abstract

Room temperature ionic liquids, or RTILs, based on tetraalkylphosphonium (PR(4)(+)) cations were used as the basis of a platform that enables separation of dyes from textiles, extraction of dyes from aqueous solution, and identification of the dyes by MALDI-MS in a single experimental step for forensic purposes. Ionic liquids were formed with PR(4)(+) cations and ferulate (FA), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHCA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) anions. The use of tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids in MALDI-MS allowed detection of small molecule dyes without addition of a traditional solid MALDI matrix.

GUMBOS matrices of variable hydrophobicity for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

“…In MALDI analysis, the matrix is an essential component, and selection of a suitable matrix is critically important because the optimal performance of many matrices has been found to depend on the chemical characteristics of the analyte . Therefore, there have been intense efforts towards development and evaluation of novel and effective matrices for MALDI‐MS analyses of different analytes . In general, MALDI matrices must possess specific properties that include, but are not limited to, strong absorption of laser radiation, ability to effectively disperse analytes, good miscibility with the solvent and analytes, efficient energy transfer to analyte for ionization and desorption, ability to serve as a good protonating and deprotonating agent, and also vacuum stability …”

“…[2][3][4] Therefore, there have been intense efforts towards development and evaluation of novel and effective matrices for MALDI-MS analyses of different analytes. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In general, MALDI matrices must possess specific properties that include, but are not limited to, strong absorption of laser radiation, ability to effectively disperse analytes, good miscibility with the solvent and analytes, efficient energy transfer to analyte for ionization and desorption, ability to serve as a good protonating and deprotonating agent, and also vacuum stability. [9] The majority of MALDI matrices studied so far possess hydrophilic characteristics, which are particularly well suited for detection of hydrophilic biomolecules.…”

Ionic Liquids Matrices for Laser Assisted Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…ILMs showed high ionization performance, produced no alkali-metal ions adducts, and decreased the fragmentation [49]. The adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with hazelnut oil (HO) was evaluated using ILMs by the analysis of phospholipids (PLs) [74]. Phospholipids (PLs) are usually present in seed oils at a concentration range of 10-20 g/kg.…”

Ionic Liquid Matrices for Mass Spectrometry: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

“…43 N,N-diisopropylethylammonium a-cyanohydroxycinnamate was also used for cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, levamisole, and papaverine with low limit detection and excellent correlation coefficients ranging from 0.95 to 0.99. Thus, the interference of the conventional organic matrices is the major drawback, so ILMs were used intensively.…”