Tetanus

Kefer, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/0735-6757(92)90073-7

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Once the toxin is bound and internalized it will have no effect (19). When 3000 IU are administered intramuscularly, maximum concentrations reach in 24-48 hr and approximately 0.1 IU/mL.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently Occurring Adult Tetanus in Korea: Emphasis on Immunization and Awareness of Tetanus

Shin

Park

et al. 2003

J Korean Med Sci

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Since a nationwide childhood vaccination with tetanus toxoid, tetanus has become a rare disease in Korea. However, we recently experienced 17 cases of adult tetanus in a university hospital during a 21-month period. Seventy percent of the patients were female, and the mean age was 63 yr (range, 29-87). The majority (88.2%) of the patients did not get primary vaccinations for tetanus and decennial tetanus-diphtheria toxoid booster. Most patients (88.2%), who sustained acute injury, did not seek medical care for their wounds or did not receive the prophylaxis for tetanus. Tetanus was found most frequently among farmers. Tetanus was diagnosed initially only in 53% of patients. The case-fatality ratio was 23.5%. These cases show that recently occurring tetanus in Korea is a disease, affecting the elderly and the female who may have a lower immunity against tetanus, and the farmers who are likely to be exposed to Clostridium tetani. In addition, diagnosis of tetanus is often delayed in area where cases are seen infrequently. Therefore, improved education among patients and physicians, emphasis of anti-tetanus immunization and awareness of tetanus respectively, may be essential for the prevention of disease and the reduction of its mortality.

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“…Once the toxin is bound and internalized it will have no effect (19). When 3000 IU are administered intramuscularly, maximum concentrations reach in 24-48 hr and approximately 0.1 IU/mL.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently Occurring Adult Tetanus in Korea: Emphasis on Immunization and Awareness of Tetanus

Shin

Park

et al. 2003

J Korean Med Sci

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“…Eine Kultur des Erregers gelingt hier selten, ein positiver Tierversuch (Maus) häufiger, jedoch mit erheblicher Latenz und ist somit von geringem praktischem Nutzen [22].…”

Section: Diagnostikunclassified

“…Die durchschnittliche intensivmedizinische Behandlungsdauer des generalisierten Tetanus beträgt etwa 3-5 Wochen, jedoch können die genannten Komplikationen im Einzelfall einen wesentlich längeren Aufenthalt begründen. Die Muskelspasmen bilden sich nach etwa 2-4 Wochen zurück, die myotone Rigidität kann jedoch erheblich län-ger persistieren [16,22]. Obwohl Residuen auftreten können (Critical-Illnes-Polyneuropathien, Myopathien, psychopathologische Beschwerden), ist in den meisten Fällen auch bei schweren Verläufen eine Restitutio ad integrum zu erwarten.…”

Section: Prognose Und Verlaufunclassified

Behandlungsstrategien des Tetanus

Duning

Schäbitz

2007

Nervenarzt

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“…The diagnosis is entirely based on the clinical manifestations, while additional examinations are mainly done to exclude other diseases. Wound cultures are positive for C. tetani in only 30% of documented cases [3]. To prevent further neurotoxins absorption by surgical treatments and neutralizing neurotoxins is the aim of the treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titration of high dose sedation is effective in severe tetanus: a case report

Pan

Ying-Zi

Yang

et al. 2009

Cases J

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IntroductionTetanus is a fatal infectious disease. It could cause typical signs like pain, headache, stiffness, and spasms of facial muscles as well as trunk and skeletal muscles. The symptoms are risus sardonicus, trismus and opisthotonus. How to control the spasticity and rigidity of muscles is still a problem. Our object is to raise the feasibility of titration of high dose sedatives in the management of severe tetanus.Case presentationA 37-year-old woman was sustained a 2 cm wound in the right anterior part of chest. Then she developed progressive risus sardonicus, trismus and opisthotonus, elevated liver enzymes, creatine kinase, lactic acid and myoglobin. The patient was treated with continuous infusion of propofol (50-100 mg/h, 22 days) and midazolam (5-20 mg/h, 37 days) for sedation, vecuronium (1-6 mg/h, 25 days) for muscle relaxation. The symptoms of tetanus were controlled, and there were no side-effects appeared.ConclusionWe report one case of severe tetanus. In this case, several types of sedative were administrated and most of them were high doses. The patient recovered while no complications remained. This case report indicated that combination and high dose of sedation for severe tetanus were feasible. We recommend this treatment as the guidance of similar patients.

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Tetanus

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Recently Occurring Adult Tetanus in Korea: Emphasis on Immunization and Awareness of Tetanus

Recently Occurring Adult Tetanus in Korea: Emphasis on Immunization and Awareness of Tetanus

Behandlungsstrategien des Tetanus

Titration of high dose sedation is effective in severe tetanus: a case report

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