Tests of Lorentz Symmetry in the Gravitational Sector

Hees, A.; Bailey, Quentin G.; Bourgoin, Adrien; Bars, Hélène Pihan-Le; Guerlin, Christine; Poncin-Lafitte, Christophe Le

doi:10.3390/universe2040030

Cited by 84 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 242 publications

(495 reference statements)

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“…Competitive bounds in this sector have been established by various experiments and observations [24,25], such as gravimetry [11][12][13], lunar laser ranging [14][15][16] and astrophysics observations [17,18]. Among these, local gravimetry is the one of the easy-to-access and very precise ground-based method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Limits on Lorentz violation in gravity from worldwide superconducting gravimeters

et al. 2018

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We have investigated Lorentz violation through analyzing tides-subtracted gravity data measured by superconducting gravimeters. At the level of precision of superconducting gravimeters, we have brought up and resolved an existing issue of accuracy due to unaccounted local tidal effects in previous solid-earth tidal model used. Specifically, we have taken local tides into account with a brand new first-principles tidal model with ocean tides included, as well as removed potential bias from local tides by using a worldwide array of 12 superconducting gravimeters. Compared with previous test with local gravimeters, a more accurate and competitive bound on space-space components of gravitational Lorentz violation has been achieved up to the order of 10 −10 . Einstein's equivalence principle is the foundation of general relativity. It is based on the universality of free fall, local Lorentz invariance and, local position invariance [1,2]. The universality of free fall has been tested up to accuracies of 10 −13 [3][4][5][6]. Local position invariance has been tested, e.g., by gravitational red shift measurement with atom interferometers or clocks [7,8]. In comparison, testing local Lorentz invariance (LLI) is a broad field, as violations of LLI might manifest themselves in the gravity sector itself, or in the matter sectors as well as their coupling [9,10].In the simplest case, violations of LLI in the gravity sector manifest themselves as a dependence of the force of gravity between two objects on the direction of their separation. Competitive bounds in this sector have been established by various experiments and observations [24,25], such as gravimetry [11][12][13], lunar laser ranging [14][15][16] and astrophysics observations [17,18]. Among these, local gravimetry is the one of the easy-to-access and very precise ground-based method. The underlying idea is simple: if the force of gravity is anisotropic, then the local acceleration of free fall on the rotating earth should exhibit a modulation correlated with the earth's rotation. In analyzing such tests, the influence of the sun, the moon and the planets have to be taken out, which is done by subtracting a "tidal model" describing of these influences.However, a persisting problem has been pointed out in previous works [11][12][13] whether a simple first-principles solid-earth tidal model or a more sophisticated empirical model should be used. The simple first-principles solidearth tidal model does not include any Lorentz violation signal. But it's not accurate enough beyond 10 −10 g with- * E-mail:zkhu@mail.hust.edu.cn † E-mail:hm@berkeley.edu out including local tidal effects like ocean tides. At the precision of superconducting gravimeters, it may produce fake Lorentz violating signals [13]. Sophisticated empirical models are a lot more accurate, but it's based on fitting of gravity measurement which itself may contain Lorentz-violating signals. In this work, we have reconciled the conflict with a worldwide network of gravimeters analyzed with first-principle ti...

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Limits on Lorentz violation in gravity from worldwide superconducting gravimeters

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“…Other competitive bounds on s ab are placed with atomic gravimetry, Lunar Laser Ranging, Gravity Probe B, and binary pulsars observations (for a review see Ref. 34). …”

Section: (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflation as an amplifier: The case of Lorentz violation

Bonder

León

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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Modified gravity theories are supposed to incorporate low-energy quantum-gravity effects and, at the same time, they could shed light into the dark matter and dark energy problems. Here we study a particular modification of general relativity where local Lorentz invariance is spontaneously broken and whose physical effects, despite a decade-long effort, were unknown. We show that, during inflation, this modification produces anisotropies that would generate measurable effects on the Cosmic Microwave Background. Then, by using empirical constraints on the B-mode polarization spectrum, we can estimate that the 'coefficient' components absolute value have to be smaller than 10 −43 . This is a remarkably strong limit, in fact, it is 29 orders of magnitude better than the best constraints on similar coefficients. Thus, we propose that inflation could stringently test other modified gravity theories.The quest for a gravity theory that is compatible with quantum mechanics and that, at the same time, can explain the nature of dark matter and dark energy, has lead to consider modified theories of gravity [1]. These modifications come in very different forms; the common feature is that they are supposed to provide a better description of Nature and to produce small effects in regimes where the current theories have been tested. In particular, these modified theories should describe the Universe evolution from the onset of inflation since this epoch is usually assumed to be correctly described by general relativity.Amongst the majority of cosmologists, inflation, an early era in which the Universe underwent an accelerated expansion, is held as an essential part of the standard ΛCDM cosmological model. Historically, it was conceived to solve the flatness and horizon problems of the standard Big Bang model. However, its current success is based on the power to explain the primordial inhomogeneities generation that represent the seeds of cosmic structure [2][3][4][5][6]. Furthermore, the latest Planck satellite data release indicates that inflation correctly characterizes the early Universe [7][8][9]. In particular, this data suggests that the primordial perturbations spectrum is essentially scale invariant, favoring the simplest inflationary models [9,10].In this work, we study, during the inflationary regime, a modified gravity theory that violates local Lorentz invariance. Recall that local Lorentz invariance is one of the basic tenets of general relativity and it states that there are no preferred spacetime directions. Moreover, * bonder@nucleares.unam.mx † gleon@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar our main motivation for considering Lorentz violation relies on studies, within prominent quantum gravity candidates, that argue that Lorentz violation may occur at the quantum gravity regime (see, e.g., Refs. 11 and 12). A systematic program to look for Lorentz violation revolves around the general parametrization known as the Standard Model Extension (SME) [13][14][15]. Remarkably, this program has led to significant bounds on many parameters...

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“…According to GR, for every point on our 4-dimensional spacetime manifold, its tangent space possesses the symmetry of a Lorentz group. As a foundational principle of today's theoretical physics, the local Lorentz invariance (LLI) deserves empirical examination with exquisite precision [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this short contribution, I will focus on the recent limits on LLIv obtained from precision pulsar timing experiments [7,[15][16][17][18][19]27,28] in the theoretical frameworks of parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) gravity [2,29] and the pure gravity sector of the standard-model extension (SME) [1,6,7]. Interested readers are encouraged to elaborate reviews for more details [2][3][4][5]30]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on the Lorentz Symmetry in Post-Newtonian Gravity with Pulsars

Shao

2016

Universe

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Local Lorentz invariance (LLI) is one of the most important fundamental symmetries in modern physics. While the possibility of LLI violation (LLIv) was studied extensively in flat spacetime, its counterpart in gravitational interaction also deserves significant examination from experiments. In this contribution, I review several recent studies of LLI in post-Newtonian gravity, using powerful tools of pulsar timing. It shows that precision pulsar timing experiments hold a unique position to probe LLIv in post-Newtonian gravity.

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Tests of Lorentz Symmetry in the Gravitational Sector

Cited by 84 publications

References 242 publications

Limits on Lorentz violation in gravity from worldwide superconducting gravimeters

Limits on Lorentz violation in gravity from worldwide superconducting gravimeters

Inflation as an amplifier: The case of Lorentz violation

Experimental Studies on the Lorentz Symmetry in Post-Newtonian Gravity with Pulsars

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