Tests of functional equivalence between pimozide pretreatment, extinction and free feeding

Willner, Paul; Chawla, Kanwaljeet; Sampson, David; Sophokleous, S; Muscat, Richard

doi:10.1007/bf00181960

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that the noncontingent rewards maintained responding through the unintended reinforcement of lever pressing; that is, unscheduled responsereward pairings strengthened these associations. Indeed, treatments that disrupt dopamine transmission tend to attenuate reinforced instrumental performance (Dickinson et al, 2000;Salamone et al, 2007;Willner et al, 1988). The current results do not provide a definitive evidence for either of these accounts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Dopamine Receptor Blockade Attenuates the General Incentive Motivational Effects of Noncontingently Delivered Rewards and Reward-Paired Cues Without Affecting Their Ability to Bias Action Selection

Ostlund¹,

Maidment²

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Environmental cues affect our behavior in a variety of ways. Despite playing an invaluable role in guiding our daily activities, such cues also appear to trigger the harmful, compulsive behaviors that characterize addiction and other disorders of behavioral control. In instrumental conditioning, rewards and reward-paired cues bias action selection and invigorate reward-seeking behaviors, and appear to do so through distinct neurobehavioral processes. Although reward-paired cues are known to invigorate performance through a dopamine-dependent incentive motivational process, it is not known if dopamine also mediates the influence of rewards and rewardpaired cues over action selection. The current study contrasted the effects of systemic administration of the nonspecific dopamine receptor antagonist flupentixol on response invigoration and action bias in Pavlovian-instrumental transfer, a test of cue-elicited responding, and in instrumental reinstatement, a test of noncontingent reward-elicited responding. Hungry rats were trained on two different stimulus-outcome relationships (eg, tone-grain pellets and noise-sucrose solution) and two different action-outcome relationships (eg, left press-grain and right press-sucrose). At test, we found that flupentixol pretreatment blocked the response invigoration generated by the cues but spared their ability to bias action selection to favor the action whose outcome was signaled by the cue being presented. The response-biasing influence of noncontingent reward deliveries was also unaffected by flupentixol. Interestingly, although flupentixol had a modest effect on the immediate response invigoration produced by those rewards, it was particularly potent in countering the lingering enhancement of responding produced by multiple reward deliveries. These findings indicate that dopamine mediates the general incentive motivational effects of noncontingent rewards and reward-paired cues but does not support their ability to bias action selection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Dopamine Receptor Blockade Attenuates the General Incentive Motivational Effects of Noncontingently Delivered Rewards and Reward-Paired Cues Without Affecting Their Ability to Bias Action Selection

Ostlund¹,

Maidment²

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Thus, the tonic activity of dopamine neurons may mediate the influence of fatigue or satiety on instrumental performance (Dickinson et al, 2000). Indeed, previous studies have shown that dopamine antagonists are more effective at suppressing performance in hungry than in sated animals (Dickinson et al, 2000) and appear to mimic the effects of a fatigue-satiety tradeoff on instrumental performance (Willner et al, 1988). Our experimental design did not allow us to determine whether the slow decline in activity correlated better with fatigue or satiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Encoding of Effort by Dopamine Neurons in a Cost–Benefit Trade-off Task

Pasquereau

Turner

2013

J. Neurosci.

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Animals are thought to evaluate the desirability of action options using a unified scale that combines predicted benefits (“rewards”), costs, and the animal’s internal motivational state. Midbrain dopamine neurons have long been associated with the reward part of this equation, but it is unclear whether these neurons also estimate the costs of taking an action. We studied the spiking activity of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a reaching task in which the energetic costs incurred (friction loads) and the benefits gained (drops of food) were manipulated independently. Although the majority of dopamine neurons encoded the upcoming reward alone, a subset predicted net utility of a course of action by signaling the expected reward magnitude, discounted by the invested cost in terms of physical effort. In addition, the tonic activity of some dopamine neurons was slowly reduced in conjunction with the accumulated trials, which is consistent with the hypothesized role for tonic dopamine in the invigoration or motivation of instrumental responding. The present results shed light on an oft-hypothesized role for dopamine in the regulation of the balance in natural behaviors between the energy expended and the benefits gained, which could explain why dopamine disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, lead to a breakdown of that balance.

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“…A number of studies have implicated DA transmission, in particular in the nucleus accumbens, in mediating the effects of motivational states on behavior (Willner, Chawla, Sampson, Sophokleous, & Muscat, 1988). For instance, microdialysis studies have demonstrated that during feeding, accumbens DA release was lower in sated than in hungry rats (Ahn & Phillips, 1999;Bassareo & Di Chiara, 1999;Wilson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational states influence effort-based decision making in rats: The role of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

Mai

Sommer

Hauber

2011

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Decision-making policies are subject to modulation by changing motivational states. However, so far, little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms that bridge motivational states with decision making. Here we examined whether dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) modulates the effects of motivational states on effort-based decision making. Using a cost-benefit T-maze task in rats, we examined the effects of AcbC DA depletions on effort-based decision making, in particular on the sensitivity of effort-based decision making to a shift from a hungry to a sated state. The results demonstrated that, relative to sham controls, rats with AcbC DA depletion in a hungry as well as in a sated state had a reduced preference for effortful but large-reward action. This finding provides further support for the notion that AcbC DA regulates how much effort to invest for rewards. Importantly, our results further revealed that effort-based decision making in lesioned rats, as in sham controls, was still sensitive to a shift from a hungry to a sated state; that is, their preferences for effortful large-reward actions became lower after a shift from a restricted to a freefeeding regimen. These finding indicate that AcbC DA is not necessarily involved in mediating the effects of a shift in motivational state on decision-making policies.

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Tests of functional equivalence between pimozide pretreatment, extinction and free feeding

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Dopamine Receptor Blockade Attenuates the General Incentive Motivational Effects of Noncontingently Delivered Rewards and Reward-Paired Cues Without Affecting Their Ability to Bias Action Selection

Dopamine Receptor Blockade Attenuates the General Incentive Motivational Effects of Noncontingently Delivered Rewards and Reward-Paired Cues Without Affecting Their Ability to Bias Action Selection

Limited Encoding of Effort by Dopamine Neurons in a Cost–Benefit Trade-off Task

Motivational states influence effort-based decision making in rats: The role of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

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