Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (<i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i>), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980–3

Widdowson, F. V.; Penny, A.; Gutteridge, R. J.; Darby, R. J.; Hewitt, M. V.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600055775

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Averaged over all years and all factors, wheat following OSR realized a higher grain yield compared with wheat following wheat (Table 5), a fact, which is corresponding well with results from other experiments (e.g. Zimmermann, 1984;Widdowson et al, 1985;Prew et al, 1986;McEwen et al, 1989;Christen, 1998). The yield of the third wheat crop, following wheat-wheat, achieved the lowest yield, being 20% less than that of the first wheat crop.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, even a N supply exceeding the N requirement only partly decreased the yield losses due to an unfavorable preceding crop (combination) (Widdowson et al, 1985;Prew et al, 1986;Panse et al, 1994). Our results indicated that both, the first N application at the beginning of growth in spring and also the second N application at stem elongation, should be increased in order to reduce yield losses in wheat following wheat due to a lower ear density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Compared with wheat grown after oilseed rape (OSR), peas or oats, yield of wheat after wheat is reduced by 8-57%, depending on the site, weather conditions and crop management (e.g. Zimmermann, 1984;Widdowson et al, 1985;Prew et al, 1986;McEwen et al, 1989;Christen, 1998). Previous research at Kiel revealed that the yield reduction was mainly due to a lower number of ears m −2 and a reduced thousand grain weight, whereas the number of kernels per ear showed only a small decrease or, in some cases, even compensated for a poor ear density (Christen, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delaying seeding date by 3-4 weeks prevented from a G. graminis infection in autumn and reduced take-all in the following growth period (Gilligan and Brassett, 1990;Sieling and Hanus, 1992). In order to increase ear density, the amount of N fertilizer, especially at the start of spring growth, showed positive results (Widdowson et al, 1985;Prew et al, 1986;Christen et al, 1992). However, most of the results available in the literature indicate that it is not possible to completely compensate for the detrimental influences of an unfavorable preceding crop on the grain yield of the subsequent wheat crop by optimizing crop management (Panse et al, 1994;Christen, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and yield of winter wheat in the first 3 years of a monoculture under varying N fertilization in NW Germany

Sieling

Stahl

Winkelmann

et al. 2005

European Journal of Agronomy

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Different preceding crops interact with almost all husbandry and have a major effect on crop yields. In order to quantify the yield response of winter wheat, a field trial with different preceding crop combinations (oilseed rape (OSR)-OSR-OSR-wheat-wheatwheat), two sowing dates (mid/end of September, mid/end of October) and 16 mineral nitrogen (N) treatments (80-320 kg N ha −1 ) during 1993/1994-1998/1999, was carried out at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel in NW Germany. Single plant biomass, tiller numbers m −2 , biomass m −2 , grain yield and yield components at harvest were investigated. During the growing season, the incidence of root rot (Gaeumannomyces graminis) was observed. Additionally, a bioassay with Lemna minor was used to identify the presence of allelochemicals in the soil after different preceding crops.Averaged over all years and all other treatments, wheat following OSR achieved nearly 9.5 t ha −1 , whereas the second wheat crop following wheat yielded about 0.9 t ha −1 and the third wheat crop following 2 years of wheat about 1.9 t ha −1 less compared with wheat after OSR. A delay of the sowing date only marginally decreased grain yield by 0.2 t ha −1 . Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield after all preceding crop combinations, but at different levels. Wheat grown after OSR reached its maximum yield of 9.7 t ha −1 with 210 kg N ha −1 . The third wheat crop required a N amount of 270 kg N ha −1 to achieve its yield maximum of 8.0 t ha −1 . Yield losses were mainly caused by a lower ear density and a reduced thousand grain weight. About 4 weeks after plant establishment, single wheat plants following OSR accumulated more biomass compared to plants grown after wheat. Plants from the third wheat crop were smallest. This range of the preceding crop combinations was similar at all sampling dates throughout the growing season.Root rot occurred only at a low level and was excluded to cause the yield losses. The Lemna bioassay suggested the presence of allelochemicals, which might have been one reason for the poor single plant development in autumn.An increased N fertilization compensated for the lower number of ears m −2 and partly reduced the yield losses due to the unfavorable preceding crop combination. However, it was not possible to completely compensate for the detrimental influences of an unfavorable preceding crop on the grain yield of the subsequent wheat crop.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and yield of winter wheat in the first 3 years of a monoculture under varying N fertilization in NW Germany

Sieling

Stahl

Winkelmann

et al. 2005

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…Zimmermann 1984;Widdowson et al 1985;Christen 1998;Sieling et al 2005;Kirkegaard et al 2008). Yield effects decreased in the range preceding crop > pre-preceding crop > crop rotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop rotation effects on yield of oilseed rape, wheat and barley and residual effects on the subsequent wheat

Sieling

Christen

2015

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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Economic conditions are forcing farmers to grow crops with high revenue leading to cereal-dominated crop rotations with increasing risk due to unfavourable preceding crops or preceding crop combinations. Based on a long-term field trial (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) with 15 different rotations including winter oilseed rape (OSR), winter wheat, winter barley, spring peas and spring oats, the effects of different preceding crops, prepreceding crops and crop rotations on the grain yield of mainly OSR, winter wheat and winter barley were quantified. In the subsequent 2 years (2001/2002 and 2002/ 2003), winter wheat was grown on all plots in order to test the residual effects of the former crops (as preceding crops in 2002 and as pre-preceding crops in 2003) and crop rotations on growth, grain yield and yield components.Unfavourable preceding crops significantly decreased yield of OSR, wheat and barley by 10% on average, however, with a large year-to-year variation. In addition, break-crop benefits in both crops, wheat and OSR, persisted to the second year. Wheat as preceding crop mainly decreased the thousand grain weight, and to a lesser extent, the ear density of the subsequent wheat crop. The amount of wheat yield decrease negatively correlated with the simple water balance (rainfall minus evapotranspiration) in May-July. In 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, the preceding crop superimposed the crop rotation effects, thus resulting in similar effects as observed in 1988-2001. Our results clearly reveal the importance of a favourable preceding crop for the yield performance of a crop, especially wheat and OSR.

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Einfluss von Vorfrucht, Aussaattermin, N-Düngung und Saatgutbehandlung mit Fluquinconazol auf die Entwicklung und den Kornertrag von Weizen sowie den Befall mit Schwarzbeinigkeit

2007

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Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980–3

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Growth and yield of winter wheat in the first 3 years of a monoculture under varying N fertilization in NW Germany

Growth and yield of winter wheat in the first 3 years of a monoculture under varying N fertilization in NW Germany

Crop rotation effects on yield of oilseed rape, wheat and barley and residual effects on the subsequent wheat

Einfluss von Vorfrucht, Aussaattermin, N-Düngung und Saatgutbehandlung mit Fluquinconazol auf die Entwicklung und den Kornertrag von Weizen sowie den Befall mit Schwarzbeinigkeit

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