Tests of a prototype pixel array detector for microsecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction

Rossi, G.; Renzi, Matthew J.; Eikenberry, Eric F.; Täte, Mark W.; Bilderback, Donald H.; Fontes, Ernest; Wixted, R.; Barna, Sandor L.; Grüner, Sol M.

doi:10.1107/s0909049599009802

Cited by 57 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The time-resolved monochromatic X-ray radiographic technique will likely ®nd applications not only in the various ®elds of spray technology but also in other research and development areas dealing with highly transient and optically impenetrable structures, such as aerosols and dense plasmas of high-Z materials. We note that the point-bypoint technique currently used in this study is inef®cient, and the development of fast position-sensitive X-ray detectors is essential to improve the ef®ciency of the measurement (Rossi et al, 1999). We also speculate that other X-ray techniques, such as¯uores-cence and small-angle scattering, may also be useful for the investigation of other aspects of fuel spray structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Time-resolved measurements of supersonic fuel sprays using synchrotron X-rays

Powell

Yue

Poola

et al. 2000

J Synchrotron Radiat

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A time-resolved radiographic technique has been developed for probing the fuel distribution close to the nozzle of a high-pressure single-hole diesel injector. The measurement was made using X-ray absorption of monochromatic synchrotron-generated radiation, allowing quantitative determination of the fuel distribution in this optically impenetrable region with a time resolution of better than 1 ms. These quantitative measurements constitute the most detailed near-nozzle study of a fuel spray to date.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Time-resolved measurements of supersonic fuel sprays using synchrotron X-rays

Powell

Yue

Poola

et al. 2000

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…Another important component in the setup is the ultrafast x-ray detector, pixel array detector (PAD) developed at [15,16]. The pixel size of the PAD is 150 µm x 150 µm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Characterization of Near-Field Fuel Sprays by Multi-Orifice Direct Injection Using Ultrafast X-Tomography Technique

Liu¹,

Im²,

Wang³

et al. 2006

SAE Technical Paper Series

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A low-pressure direct injection fuel system for spark ignition direct injection engines has been developed, in which a high-turbulence nozzle technology was employed to achieve fine fuel droplet size at a low injection pressure around 2 MPa. It is particularly important to study spray characteristics in the nearnozzle region due to the immediate liquid breakup at the nozzle exit. By using an ultrafast x-ray area detector and intense synchrotron x-ray beams, the interior structure and dynamics of the direct injection gasoline sprays from a multi-orifice turbulence-assisted nozzle were elucidated for the first time in a highly quantitative manner with µs-temporal resolution. Revealed by a newly developed, ultrafast computed x-microtomography technique, many detailed features associated with the transient liquid flows are readily observable in the reconstructed spray. Furthermore, an accurate 3-dimensional fuel density distribution, in the form of fuel volume fraction, was obtained by the time-resolved computed tomography. The time-dependent fuel density distribution revealed that the fuel jet is well broken up immediately at the nozzle exits. These results not only reveal the near-field characteristics of the partial atomized fuel sprays with unprecedented detail, but also facilitate the development of an advanced multi-orifice direct injector. This ultrafast tomography capability also will facilitate the realistic computational fluid dynamic simulations in highly transient and multiphase fuel spray systems.

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“…Owing to advantages such as low power dissipation, high density, integrated circuit, on chip fabrication, etc., CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) fabrication technology applied to radiation image sensors has been utilized by both techniques. CMOS image sensors applied to transmission imaging detectors use a ROIC (Readout Integrate Circuit) that processes electric signals sequentially in a several tens of micrometers pixel array structure to afford sufficient spatial resolution [1,2]. For an emission imaging detector, also realized using CMOS fabrication technology, several tens of micrometers pixels proceed the Geiger mode operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS APD array for multi-function of both sequential and summing mode operations

2011

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A sensor is fabricated by a two poly-four metal 0.35 µm CMOS process in order to operate in the Geiger mode. The chip consists of an 8 × 8 array of 67 × 67 µm 2 pixels that can be readout in either a summing mode or sequential mode. The features of the CMOS single photon avalanche photodiode (CMOS SPAD) were analyzed. The pixels were then arranged in a 8 × 8 array and the possibility of the summing mode and the sequential mode was verified. The CMOS SPAD pixel has a fill factor of 17.4%. The breakdown voltage of the pixel was at 18.9 V, and the photon detection efficiency was 20% at the 550 nm wavelength. The dead time was 20 nsec, and the dark count rate was 10 kHz at and below the single photon level. The operation of both summing mode and sequential mode function was sucessful in the 8 × 8 array sensor.

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Tests of a prototype pixel array detector for microsecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

Time-resolved measurements of supersonic fuel sprays using synchrotron X-rays

Time-resolved measurements of supersonic fuel sprays using synchrotron X-rays

Quantitative Characterization of Near-Field Fuel Sprays by Multi-Orifice Direct Injection Using Ultrafast X-Tomography Technique

CMOS APD array for multi-function of both sequential and summing mode operations

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