Tests for Species Interactions: Breeding Phenology and Habitat Use in Subarctic Ducks

Toft, Catherine A.; Trauger, David L.; Murdy, H.W.

doi:10.1086/284015

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the Northwest Territories, Toft et al (1982) found green-winged teal broods using small wetlands and avoiding large and medium-sized ones. In our study area, the small and vegetated wetlands mostly used by teals were parts of fens and bogs with shallow water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat Use by Brood-Rearing Waterfowl in Subarctic Québec

Décarie¹,

Morneau²,

Lambert³

et al. 1995

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Aerial surveys of waterfowl were conducted in subarctic Québec in 1989 and 1990 on randomly selected 100 km 2 plots. We used logistic regression for modelling relationships between the presence of waterfowl broods and habitat characteristics. For each species, models of habitat use were generated with one data set and tested with two others. We also compared the frequency distributions of broods of each species in different habitat types. Correct-classification rates of models varied between 0.53 and 0.77. Sensitivity of models generally increased when applied to validation data sets. Models showed that green-winged teals (Anas crecca) avoided lakes > 501 ha and used vegetated lakes, ponds and fens or bogs more than predicted by their availability. Black scoters (Melanitta nigra) and surf scoters (M. perspicillata) were found mostly on small lakes (< 10 ha) and medium lakes (10 -100 ha). Black scoters were associated with the presence of ponds and lakes with sedge and grass, whereas surf scoters were not. The presence of scaup (Aythia spp.) broods was associated with the presence of vegetation. Green-winged teals were observed more often on bogs than were either scoters or scaups. Black scoters were observed more often on ponds and less often on medium-sized lakes than surf scoters and scaups. The latter differed in their use of lakes < 10 ha: surf scoters, like black scoters, mostly used unvegetated lakes, while scaups and green-winged teals mostly used vegetated lakes. The accuracy and precision of logistic models may be enhanced by additional habitat variables, careful selection of sample-cell size and further investigation of the breeding biology of the surveyed species. Les macreuses (Melanitta nigra, M. perspicillata) ont surtout été vues sur des lacs de petite (< 10 ha) et moyenne (10 -100 ha) superficies. Les Macreuses à bec jaune se démarquaient des Macreuses à front blanc en étant associées à la présence d'étangs et de lacs avec des herbaçaies. La présence de couvées de morillons (Aythia spp.) dans les cellules était associée à celle de végétation. La Sarcelle à ailes vertes fut observée plus souvent dans les tourbières que les autres espèces. La Macreuse à bec jaune fut observée plus souvent sur des étangs et moins souvent sur des lacs de superficie moyenne que la Macreuse à front blanc et les morillons. Ces dernières espèces différaient dans leur utilisation de lacs <10 ha: les Macreuses à front blanc, comme les Macreuses à bec jaune, utilisaient surtout les lacs aux rives sans végétation alors que les morillons et les sarcelles utilisaient surtout des lacs avec végétation. La précision des modèles de régression logistique pourrait être augmentée par l'utilisation de paramètres d'habitat supplémentaires, un choix différent de la taille de l'unité de mesure et une meilleure connaissance de l'écologie des espèces cibles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Alaska and the Northwest Territories, scaup broods were mostly sighted on large ponds with grassy shores (Derksen et al, 1981;Toft et al, 1982). In Fennoscandia, scaups were mostly found in productive and vegetated water bodies (Haapanen and Nilsson, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Use by Brood-Rearing Waterfowl in Subarctic Québec

Décarie¹,

Morneau²,

Lambert³

et al. 1995

ARCTIC

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“…With the exception of Trauger's (1971) study of lesser scaup, information on the ecology of scaup in the important Subarctic breeding areas of the Northwest Territories is limited to a few general investigations of waterfowl and other migratory birds (Murdy, 1965;Weller et al, 1969;Trauger and Bromley, 1976;Toft et al, 1982;Nudds and Cole, 1991). None of these studies involved the simultaneous investigation of both species of scaup, and information from most studies is now decades old.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Ecology of Sympatric Greater and Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya marila</i> and <i>Aythya affinis</i>) in the Subarctic Northwest Territories

Fournier¹,

Hines²

2001

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. We studied the breeding ecology of greater and lesser scaup on islands of the North Arm of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, and on the nearby mainland during 1990 -98. The occurrence of nests of both species on the North Arm islands was determined primarily by the distribution of nesting gulls and terns and secondarily by habitat features. Nest parasitism was frequent on the islands, but not on the mainland. Average clutch size was 8.99 ± 0.12 (n = 169) for greater scaup and 9.20 ± 0.17 (n = 93) for lesser scaup on the North Arm, and 8.71 ± 0.18 (n = 55) for lesser scaup on the mainland. No greater scaup nests were found on the mainland. Apparent nest success on the islands was higher (greater scaup 75%, n = 271; lesser scaup 77%, n = 158) than on the mainland (lesser scaup 37%, n = 59). Apparent egg success was 63% (n = 1485) for greater scaup and 67% (n = 934) for lesser scaup on the islands, and 40% (n = 435) for lesser scaup on the mainland. Hatchability of eggs was 98% (n = 556) for greater scaup and 94% (n = 416) for lesser scaup on islands, and 98% (n = 435) for lesser scaup on the mainland. Our findings, when compared to those of previous studies, do not indicate that either clutch size or egg hatchability has declined in recent years. Therefore, it seems unlikely that broad changes in these reproductive parameters are responsible for local or continental declines in lesser scaup populations. However, nest success on our mainland study area may have been too low to maintain the local population.Key words: Aythya affinis, Aythya marila, boreal forest, egg success, greater scaup, lesser scaup, hatchability, nest success, Northwest Territories, Subarctic RÉSUMÉ. De 1990 à 1998, on a étudié l'écologie de reproduction du fuligule milouinan et du petit fuligule sur des îles situées dans le Bras-Nord du Grand Lac des Esclaves (Territoires du Nord-Ouest) ainsi que sur la terre ferme avoisinante. La présence, dans les îles du Bras-Nord, de nids appartenant aux deux espèces était surtout déterminée par la distribution des mouettes et des sternes, et en second lieu par les caractéristiques de l'habitat. Le piratage des nids était fréquent sur les îles, mais pas sur la terre ferme. La taille moyenne des couvées était de 8,99 ± 0,12 (n = 169) pour le fuligule milouinan et de 9,20 ± 0,17 (n = 93) pour le petit fuligule dans le Bras-Nord, et de 8,71 ± 0,18 (n = 55) pour le petit fuligule sur la terre ferme. On n'a pas trouvé de nids de fuligule milouinan sur la terre ferme. Le succès apparent de la nidification sur les îles était plus grand (fuligule milouinan: 75 p. cent, n = 271; petit fuligule: 77 p. cent, n = 158) que sur la terre ferme (petit fuligule: 37 p. cent, n = 59). Le succès apparent de la ponte était de 63 p. cent (n = 1485) pour le fuligule milouinan et de 67 p. cent (n = 934) pour le petit fuligule sur les îles, et de 40 p. cent (n = 435) pour le petit fuligule sur la terre ferme. L'éclosabilité était de 98 p. cent (n = 556) pour le fuligule milouinan et de 94 p. cent (n = 416) pour le...

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“…More open water provides better visibility for ducklings to detect predators and dive to escape. Lesser scaup, another boreal nesting diver, also have lower nest success near large lakes but hens with broods preferred them (Toft et al 1982, Corcoran et al 2007). …”

Section: K W I Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of wetland use by waterfowl communities in Canada include Ring-necked Ducks (Townsend 1966, Toft et al 1982, DesGranges and Darveau 1985, Rempel et al 1997, Paszkowski and Tonn 2000, Lemelin et al 2010), but estimates of breeding season vital rates for Ring-necked Ducks are few. Koons and Rotella (2003) examined nest success in the Parklands of Manitoba, but the landscape had a minimal forest component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest and brood survival of Ring-necked Ducks in relation to anthropogenic development and wetland attributes

Roy¹

2018

ACE

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ABSTRACT. The boreal and hemiboreal forests are facing increasing anthropogenic development in areas that have traditionally been remote and inaccessible. Although these forests are recognized as important to breeding waterfowl, breeding season vital rates and the influence of anthropogenic development on these rates remain largely unexplored. I estimated nest and brood survival of Ring-necked Ducks (Aythya collaris) in the hemiboreal forest of Minnesota. I located 115 nests on 43 wetlands, radio-tagged 65 nesting hens, and monitored 32 broods. I considered the influence of distance to and density of buildings and roads, and road-surface type, as well as wetland characteristics and other variables hypothesized to influence waterfowl vital rates. The best-supported nest survival models included covariates for distance from the nest to nearest road and road-surface type. Nest survival declined with increasing distance from roads and was higher for nests near paved roads, at least when the distance was < 400 m. However, an interaction term in the topranked model suggested the effect of road type varied as a function of distance from nest. The model-averaged estimate of 35-day nest survival, based on the top two models was 0.278 (SE = 0.048). Brood survival increased with brood age and open water area, and decreased with nesting habitat area and distance from open water to nearest road. Cumulative brood survival to 30 days was 0.263 (SE = 0.035). These findings indicate that roads may influence both nest and brood survival. Furthermore, higher brood survival at wetlands with less nesting habitat area and more open water area may explain why hens move broods. Conservation managers should consider how habitat needs change throughout the breeding season to adequately address the needs of Ring-necked Ducks. Further study is needed to understand how anthropogenic development can be incorporated into conservation planning. Survie des nids et des couvées de Fuligules à collier en relation avec le développement d'origine anthropique et les caractéristiques des milieux humidesRÉSUMÉ. Les forêts boréales et hémi-boréales subissent une augmentation du développement d'origine anthropique dans des régions qui étaient autrefois éloignées et inaccessibles. Bien qu'on sache que ces forêts sont importantes pour la nidification de la sauvagine, les paramètres vitaux en saison de nidification et l'influence du développement d'origine anthropique sur ce groupe d'oiseaux demeurent grandement inexplorés. Les taux de survie de nids et de couvées de Fuligules à collier (Aythya collaris) ont été estimés dans la forêt hémi-boréale du Minnesota. Cent-quinze nids situés dans 43 milieux humides ont été localisés, 56 femelles nicheuses ont été équipées d'émetteurs radios et 32 couvées ont été suivies. L'effet de la distance et de la densité des bâtiments et des routes ont été examinés, tout comme le type de revêtement des routes, de même que les caractéristiques des milieux humides et d'autres variables pouvant influer les taux de survie de la s...

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Tests for Species Interactions: Breeding Phenology and Habitat Use in Subarctic Ducks

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Habitat Use by Brood-Rearing Waterfowl in Subarctic Québec

Habitat Use by Brood-Rearing Waterfowl in Subarctic Québec

Breeding Ecology of Sympatric Greater and Lesser Scaup (<i>Aythya marila</i> and <i>Aythya affinis</i>) in the Subarctic Northwest Territories

Nest and brood survival of Ring-necked Ducks in relation to anthropogenic development and wetland attributes

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