TESTS FOR SENESCENT DECLINE IN ANNUAL SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES OF COMMON POCHARDS,<i>AYTHYA FERINA</i>

Nichols, James D.; Hines, James E.; Blums, Peter

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1009:tfsdia]2.0.co;2

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, the recovery rate of the penultimate year was also low, indicating that the death of the female was not the primary reason. We do not yet know whether senescence affects mortality in Common Goldeneye females but, for comparison, Nichols et al . (1997) found no evidence of senescent decline in survival probability in another diving duck, the Common Pochard Aythya ferina .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive performance of Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula females in relation to age and lifespan

Milonoff¹,

Pöysä²,

Runko³

2002

Ibis

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We studied the effects of female age and length of lifespan on reproductive performance in the Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, a precocial species with self‐feeding chicks. Dependent variables studied were the occurrence of failed nesting attempts and non‐breeding years, clutch size, nesting and hatching success, female condition and recovery rate of offspring. To avoid misinterpretations resulting from age‐dependent quality changes in the cohorts, individuals with different lifespans were separated in the analyses. There was no evidence that females of different lifespan differed in reproductive strategy. The data revealed no significant differences in nest losses, occurrence of non‐breeding years, timing of nesting or clutch size, but the physiological condition of short‐lived females was poorer than that of longer living females. This accords with the prediction that poor‐quality females invest proportionally more in reproduction than high‐quality females and consequently die earlier. The most productive individuals were those that lived longest. The only indication of senescence was the low recovery rate of offspring produced by old females. The last breeding attempt did not differ in any observable respect from the penultimate attempt, implying that the last investment in reproduction was no heavier than the previous one.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive performance of Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula females in relation to age and lifespan

Milonoff¹,

Pöysä²,

Runko³

2002

Ibis

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“…Statistical methods that were especially developed to model capture-mark-recapture data (CJS method) have long made it possible to study senescence in the wild when the time of birth can be specified with useful precision (Nichols et al 1997, Loison et al 1999, Chaloupka and Limpus 2005, but the time of death is known only probabilistically from recapture or resighting data. Models of aging, such as the Gompertz model that we use in the present study, have also been fitted to capture-mark-recapture data in order to test for senescence (Gaillard et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex effects on life span and senescence in the wild when dates of birth and death are unknown

Zajitschek

Brassil

Bonduriansky

et al. 2009

Ecology

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Males and females allocate and schedule reproductive effort in very different ways. Because the timing and amount of reproductive effort influence survival and thus the optimization of life histories, mortality and senescence are predicted to be sex specific. However, age-specific mortality rates of wild animals are often difficult to quantify in natural populations. Studies that report mortality rates from natural populations are, therefore, almost entirely confined to long-lived, easy-to-track species such as large mammals and birds. Here, we employ a novel approach using capture-mark-recapture data from a wild population of black field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus) to test for sex differences in demographic aging. In this species, the age of captured adults cannot be readily determined, and animals cannot be reliably captured or observed every night, resulting in demographic data on individuals whose dates of birth and death are unknown. We implement a recently developed life-table analysis for wild-caught individuals of unknown age, in combination with a well-established capture-mark-recapture methodology that models probabilistic dates of death. This unified analytical framework makes it possible to test for aging in wild, hard-totrack animals. Using these methods to fit Gompertz models of age-specific mortality, we show that male crickets have higher mortality rates throughout life than female crickets. Furthermore, males and females both exhibit increasing mortality rates with age, indicating senescence, but the rate of senescence is not sex specific. Thus, observed sex differences in longevity are probably due to differences in baseline mortality rather than aging. Our findings illustrate the complexity of the relationships between sex, background mortality, and senescence rate in wild populations, showing that the elevated mortality rate of males need not be coupled with an elevated rate of aging.

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“…Although some meticulous analyses of high quality data from wild bird and mammal populations have failed to find evidence of senescence (e.g. Altwegg et al, 2007; Nichols et al, 1997; Slade, 1995), such cases are now in the clear minority. Any debate about whether wild animals senesce or not is over, quashed beyond argument by the empirical data highlighted in Figure 1 and Table S1.…”

Section: Senescence In Wild Animals – An Evidentiary Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence in natural populations of animals: Widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology

Nussey¹,

Froy²,

Lemaître³

et al. 2013

Ageing Research Reviews

580

591

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That senescence is rarely, if ever, observed in natural populations is an oft-quoted fallacy within bio-gerontology. We identify the roots of this fallacy in the otherwise seminal works of Medawar and Comfort, and explain that under antagonistic pleiotropy or disposable soma explanations for the evolution of senescence there is no reason why senescence cannot evolve to be manifest within the life expectancies of wild organisms. The recent emergence of long-term field studies presents irrefutable evidence that senescence is commonly detected in nature. We found such evidence in 175 different animal species from 340 separate studies. Although the bulk of this evidence comes from birds and mammals, we also found evidence for senescence in other vertebrates and insects. We describe how high-quality longitudinal field data allow us to test evolutionary explanations for differences in senescence between the sexes and among traits and individuals. Recent studies indicate that genes, prior environment and investment in growth and reproduction influence aging rates in the wild. We argue that – with the fallacy that wild animals do not senesce finally dead and buried – collaborations between bio-gerontologists and field biologists can begin to test the ecological generality of purportedly ‘public’ mechanisms regulating aging in laboratory models.

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TESTS FOR SENESCENT DECLINE IN ANNUAL SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES OF COMMON POCHARDS,AYTHYA FERINA

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Reproductive performance of Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula females in relation to age and lifespan

Reproductive performance of Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula females in relation to age and lifespan

Sex effects on life span and senescence in the wild when dates of birth and death are unknown

Senescence in natural populations of animals: Widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology

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