Introduction: In short-term studies, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to protect male subjects from exercise-induced ischaemia and modify cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance, fat mass and lipid profiles. Methods: This randomised parallel group controlled trial was designed to assess the treatment effect of testosterone therapy (Nebido) compared with placebo in terms of exercise-induced ischaemia, lipid profiles, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and body composition during 12 months treatment in men with low testosterone levels and angina. Results: A total of 15 men were recruited but 13 (nZ13) reached adequate duration of follow-up; seven were treated with testosterone and six with placebo. Testosterone increased time to ischaemia (129G48 s versus 12G18, PZ0.02) and haemoglobin (0.4G0.6 g/dl versus K0.03G0.5, PZ0.04), and reduced body mass index (K0.3 kg/m 2 versus 1.3G1, PZ0.04) and triglycerides (K0.36