Testosterone, androstenedione, cortisol and cortisone levels in human unstimulated, stimulated and parotid saliva

Büttler, Rahel M.; Bagci, Esra; Brand, H.S.; Heijer, Martin den; Blankenstein, Marinus A.; Heijboer, Annemieke C.

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.013

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results strongly suggest that the abnormal expression of S100A9 and haptoglobin in saliva is closely related to RCC. S100A9 is a posttranslation-modified, calciumbinding protein with multiple ligands that is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory events and the initial development of cancer cells [16][17][18][19]. According to the previous reports, S100A9 is associated with poor overall survival of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva proteomic analysis reveals possible biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma

Zhang

et al. 2020

Open Chemistry

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Early diagnosis is a key to improve the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, reliable RCC biomarkers are lacking in clinical practice. In this study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification-based mass spectrometry to identify salivary proteins as biomarkers for the diagnosis of RCC. The objective of this study is to discover biomarkers from saliva by utilizing high-throughput quantitative proteomics approaches. Saliva proteins from 124 RCC patients and healthy individuals were identified and quantified. RCC putative biomarkers were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a prevalidation sample set. Seventy-one differentially expressed salivary proteins were identified. Serotransferrin, haptoglobin, KRT9, and S100A9, which in previous studies were found to be most closely related to cancers, were selected as putative RCC biomarkers. Haptoglobin and S100A9 were significantly elevated in RCC compared with healthy control samples, although the expression of serotransferrin and KRT9 did not differ between the groups. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves with a cut-off value of 75.49 ng/mL for S100A9 revealed a sensitivity of 87.10% and a specificity of 91.94% for discriminating RCC patients from healthy individuals. Salivary haptoglobin differentiated RCC patients from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 85.48% and specificity of 80.65% (cut-off value 43.02 µg/mL). These results provide experimental evidence to support S100A9 and haptoglobin as potential novel, noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of RCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva proteomic analysis reveals possible biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma

Zhang

et al. 2020

Open Chemistry

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“…22 The passive drool technique was chosen because commercially available collection devices, like Salivettes®, can affect analyte recovery and results of the measurement due to unspecific adsorption of non-polar steroids such as testosterone. 23,24 To avoid blood or other contaminations of the sample, participants were asked to avoid brushing teeth 2 h before the sample collection, avoid eating 1 h before the sample collection and to rinse their mouth with water 10–15 min prior to sample collection. Immediately after, collection samples were frozen at –20°C.…”

Section: Material Subjects and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the profiling of classical and 11-oxygenated androgens in saliva

et al. 2019

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Background Classical and 11-oxygenated androgens both contribute to the androgen pool. Regular monitoring of the androgen status is required in disorders of steroidogenesis, and multiplexing of androgens improves the diagnostic ability of an assay. Due to the cheap non-invasive collection, saliva is advantageous when multiple samples are required. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers sensitive, simultaneous quantification of steroids with short run times. Here, we have developed an LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketotestosterone in saliva. Methods Samples (300 μL unstimulated whole saliva) were prepared by supported liquid extraction with dichloromethane and were reconstituted in 40% methanol. After online solid phase extraction with C18 cartridges, liquid chromatography was performed on a C8 column using a water/methanol gradient containing 0.1% formic acid and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate. A Waters TQ-S mass spectrometer was used for quantification. Results Total run time was 6.4 min. For all analytes, recovery was between 89% and 109%, ion suppression between 86% and 105%. Intra- and inter-assay comparisons showed a coefficient of variation <10% and the bias between measured and nominal concentration varied between –8% and 10%. Interference with a large set of natural and synthetic steroids was excluded. The assay was applied for the measurement of the androgen profile in healthy men ( n = 17) and women ( n = 10) which confirmed the sensitivity of the assay to be appropriate. Conclusion We present a novel LC-MS/MS assay for the comprehensive profiling of classical and 11-oxygenated androgens with potential for routine clinical application.

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“…Testosterone concentrations were found to be lower when using synthetic Salivettes ® and were higher when using cotton Salivettes ® , compared to the collection of whole saliva by passive drool. 138 It has been suggested that synthetic swabs absorb testosterone and that the results with cotton swabs might be due to interfering substances present in the cotton. 139,140 Collection of whole saliva by passive drool is therefore considered the most reliable method for testosterone measurement.…”

Section: Salivary Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In paper II, saliva was collected using Salimetrics ® oral swabs and Salimetrics ® storage tubes, while in paper IV, saliva samples for testosterone analyses were collected by passive drool using Salimetrics ® saliva collection aid as recommended by Büttler et al 138 Salivary testosterone was in paper II determined with the Salimetrics ® expanded range enzyme immunoassay kit (Salimetrics LLC, State College, PA, USA) applied on a Tecan Freedom Evolyzer (Tecan AG, Männedorf, Switzerland). Salivary testosterone was in paper IV determined by the described LC-MS/MS method.…”

Section: Salivary Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone Use and Abuse : Methodological Aspects in Forensic Toxicology and Clinical Diagnostics

Lood

2021

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is widespread in society and is today a major public health problem, associated with mental and somatic adverse effects and risk behavior, such as use of other illicit drugs and criminality. Testosterone, the most important endogenous male androgen, is therapeutically used in replacement therapy but is also extensively used as a doping agent. Traditionally, testosterone abuse is detected in urine in forensic cases and in serum in clinical diagnosis and monitoring, and free bioavailable serum testosterone is calculated by formulas. Salivary testosterone is however an attractive biomarker, as testosterone in saliva is supposed to reflect free testosterone in serum.

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Testosterone, androstenedione, cortisol and cortisone levels in human unstimulated, stimulated and parotid saliva

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Saliva proteomic analysis reveals possible biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma

Saliva proteomic analysis reveals possible biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the profiling of classical and 11-oxygenated androgens in saliva

Testosterone Use and Abuse : Methodological Aspects in Forensic Toxicology and Clinical Diagnostics

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