Testosterone and Nandrolone Sensitization of Brain Anteroventral Area of Third Ventricle to Hypertonic NaCl-Induced Sympathetic Response

Rosa, Francisco; Antequera, Rafael; Vásquez, J; Romero-Vecchione, Eduardo; Martínez, Angela

doi:10.1159/000085771

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The arterial pressure and HR changes observed in testosterone-treated adolescent animals corroborate previous studies demonstrating that, in adulthood, chronic AAS exposure evokes sustained increases in arterial pressure and resting bradycardia [24], [34], [35]. The arterial pressure elevation is very relevant for cardiovascular function once it has been demonstrated that long-term elevations of as little as 5 mmHg in arterial pressure are associated with an increased risk of stroke and coronary heart diseases [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Cardiovascular Complications following Chronic Treatment with Cocaine and Testosterone in Adolescent Rats

et al. 2014

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Concomitant use of anabolic androgenic steroids and cocaine has increased in the last years. However, the effects of chronic exposure to these substances during adolescence on cardiovascular function are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of treatment for 10 consecutive days with testosterone and cocaine alone or in combination on basal cardiovascular parameters, baroreflex activity, hemodynamic responses to vasoactive agents, and cardiac morphology in adolescent rats. Administration of testosterone alone increased arterial pressure, reduced heart rate (HR), and exacerbated the tachycardiac baroreflex response. Cocaine-treated animals showed resting bradycardia without changes in arterial pressure and baroreflex activity. Combined treatment with testosterone and cocaine did not affect baseline arterial pressure and HR, but reduced baroreflex-mediated tachycardia. None of the treatments affected arterial pressure response to either vasoconstrictor or vasodilator agents. Also, heart to body ratio and left and right ventricular wall thickness were not modified by drug treatments. However, histological analysis of left ventricular sections of animals subjected to treatment with testosterone and cocaine alone and combined showed a greater spacing between cardiac muscle fibers, dilated blood vessels, and fibrosis. These data show important cardiovascular changes following treatment with testosterone in adolescent rats. However, the results suggest that exposure to cocaine alone or combined with testosterone during adolescence minimally affect cardiovascular function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Cardiovascular Complications following Chronic Treatment with Cocaine and Testosterone in Adolescent Rats

et al. 2014

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“…Rather than being macrophage-dependent, this change in aortic diameter may be associated with factors, such as blood pressure, which has been shown to be influenced by testosterone [27, 28]. Interestingly, when native males were treated with exogenous testosterone, they had larger body mass and developed AAAs similar to native males (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differential Regulation of Aortic Growth in Male and Female Rodents Is Associated With AAA Development

Cho

Woodrum

Roelofs

et al. 2009

Journal of Surgical Research

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Background The objective was to examine effects of gonadal hormone manipulation on aortic diameter and macrophage infiltration in rodents during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. Methods Experiment 1: 17-β estradiol and testosterone pellets were implanted in male (ME) and female (FT) rats. No pellet was implanted in shams (MES, FTS). Experiment 2: Testes and ovaries were removed from males (MO) and females (FO), respectively. No organs were removed from shams (MOS, FOS). Experiment 3: Male and female rats were orchiectomized and oophorectomized, respectively. Four weeks post-castration, testosterone (MOT) and 17-β estradiol (FOE) pellets were implanted. Shams underwent castration, but no pellet was implanted (MOTS, FOES). All rats underwent infrarenal aortic infusion with elastase postimplantation/postcastration. Diameters were measured on postoperative d 14. Tissue was stained for macrophages by immunohistochemistry. Results Diameter (P = 0.046) and macrophage counts (P = 0.014) decreased in ME compared with shams, but not in females treated with testosterone (FT). Diameter (P = 0.019) and macrophage infiltration (P = 0.024) decreased in MO compared with shams, but not in FO. Diameter increased in MOT compared with MOTS (P = 0.033), but decreased in FOE compared with FOES (P = 0.002). Macrophages decreased in FOE compared with FOES (P = 0.002). Conclusion This study documents a decrease in AAA diameter in males treated with estrogen or undergoing orchiectomy, but no changes in females treated with testosterone or undergoing oophorectomy; and an increase in diameter in MOT and a decrease in FOE. These data suggest that gonadal hormones differentially regulate AAA growth in association with changes in macrophages.

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“…14 However, the absence of effects on arterial pressure in animals that received 10-day single administration of testosterone contrasts with previous findings demonstrating that chronic administration of AAS evokes hypertension. 17,27,28 Differences in the treatment time and the AAS used may explain the discrepancy. 17,28 Absence of changes in arterial pressure in cocaine-treated animals corroborates clinical reports that cocaine use is not associated with hypertension in cocaine users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,27,28 Differences in the treatment time and the AAS used may explain the discrepancy. 17,28 Absence of changes in arterial pressure in cocaine-treated animals corroborates clinical reports that cocaine use is not associated with hypertension in cocaine users. 29 However, in vitro studies have demonstrated that AAS is capable of potentiating cardiac and vascular effects of cocaine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic administration of either testosterone or cocaine evokes functional changes in activity of brain regions regulating autonomic activity. 28,37 Most of these structures are involved in baroreflex responses, 38 thus suggesting that a central action of testosterone and cocaine could mediate the change in baroreflex activity after repeated administration of these drugs. Direct action of drugs in the heart may also mediate the changes in reflex control of HR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Single or Combined Administration of Cocaine and Testosterone on Cardiovascular Function and Baroreflex Activity in Unanesthetized Rats

Engi

Cruz

Leão

et al. 2012

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

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Abuse of cocaine and androgenic-anabolic steroids has become a serious public health problem. Despite reports of an increase in the incidence of simultaneous illicit use of these substances, potential toxic interactions between cocaine and androgenic-anabolic steroids in the cardiovascular system are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of single or combined administration of testosterone and cocaine for 1 or 10 consecutive days on basal cardiovascular parameters, baroreflex activity, and hemodynamic responses to vasoactive agents in unanesthetized rats. Ten-day combined administration of testosterone and cocaine increased baseline arterial pressure. Changes in arterial pressure were associated with altered baroreflex activity and impairment of both hypotensive response to intravenous sodium nitroprusside and pressor effect of intravenous phenylephrine. Chronic single administration of either testosterone or cocaine did not affect baseline arterial pressure. However, testosterone-treated animals presented rest bradycardia, cardiac hypertrophy, alterations in baroreflex activity, and enhanced response to sodium nitroprusside. Repeated administration of cocaine affected baroreflex activity and impaired vascular responsiveness to both sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine. One-day single or combined administration of the drugs did not affect any parameter investigated. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential interaction between toxic effects of cocaine and testosterone on the cardiovascular activity. Changes in baseline arterial pressure after combined administration of these 2 drugs may result from alterations in baroreflex activity and impairment of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive agents.

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Testosterone and Nandrolone Sensitization of Brain Anteroventral Area of Third Ventricle to Hypertonic NaCl-Induced Sympathetic Response

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Cardiovascular Complications following Chronic Treatment with Cocaine and Testosterone in Adolescent Rats

Cardiovascular Complications following Chronic Treatment with Cocaine and Testosterone in Adolescent Rats

Differential Regulation of Aortic Growth in Male and Female Rodents Is Associated With AAA Development

Effect of the Single or Combined Administration of Cocaine and Testosterone on Cardiovascular Function and Baroreflex Activity in Unanesthetized Rats

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