Testosterone and Glucose Homeostasis in Adult Males: Current Insights and Future Prospects

Abstract

Insulin plays a central role in blood glucose regulation, with insulin resistance contributing to the progression of prediabetes to diabetes, underscoring the importance of early intervention. Androgens, primarily synthesized in the testis under pituitary gland influence, impact male reproductive function. Testosterone, crucial for sexual development and secondary male characteristics, declines with age, leading to issues like anemia, sexual dysfunction, and reduced bone density. Sex-specific differences in glucose metabolism highlight males' lower insulin sensitivity and less effective glucose utilization compared to females due to androgenic effects. Testosterone's intricate role extends to potential benefits in glycemic control, fat mass reduction, and muscle strength increase in men with diabetes. However, cautious consideration of testosterone therapy is crucial, especially in the presence of underlying health conditions, warranting further research for clear guidelines in managing hyperglycemia.