Testis-specific transcriptional control

Grimes, Sidney R.

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.08.021

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there was no transcription or translation of lamin A/C during spermiogenesis as this period is typically characterized by the replacement of histones by protamines (Steger 2001, Grimes 2004. Once the siRNA went into the spermatids to degrade the target mRNA, these cells were no longer able to increase the transcription of new mRNA in response.…”

Section: Role Of Lamin A/c In Mouse Spermiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lamin A/C proteins in the spermatid acroplaxome are essential in mouse spermiogenesis

Shen¹,

Chen²,

Shao³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

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Spermiogenesis is a complex process of terminal differentiation that is necessary to produce mature sperm. Using protein expression profiles of mouse and human testes generated from our previous studies, we chose to examine the actions of lamin A/C in the current investigation. Lamin A and lamin C are isoforms of the A-type lamins that are encoded by the LMNA gene. Our results showed that lamin A/C was expressed in the mouse testis throughout the different stages of spermatogenesis and in mature sperm. Lamin A/C was also expressed in mouse haploid germ cells and was found to be localized to the acroplaxome in spermiogenesis, from round spermatids until mature spermatozoa. The decreased expression of lamin A/C following injections of siRNA against Lmna caused a significant increase in caudal sperm head abnormalities when compared with negative controls. These abnormalities were characterized by increased fragmentation of the acrosome and abnormal vesicles, which failed to fuse to the developing acrosome. This fragmentation also caused significant alterations in nuclear elongation and acrosome formation. Furthermore, we found that lamin A/C interacted with the microtubule plus-end-tracking protein CLIP170. These results suggest that lamin A/C is critical for proper structural and functional development of the sperm acrosome and head shape.

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Section: Role Of Lamin A/c In Mouse Spermiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lamin A/C proteins in the spermatid acroplaxome are essential in mouse spermiogenesis

Shen¹,

Chen²,

Shao³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

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“…Messages of genes associated with spermatogonia are those required for various aspects of cell functions, extracellular matrix, hormone signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation (Le Goffic et al, 2002). Mitotic spermatogonial cells express 405 transcripts, with over 200 of them upregulated and uncharacterized (Grimes, 2004;Schlecht et al, 2004). Below is a partial list of several of the most important genes/proteins shown to be expressed in spermatogonia with their speculated functions.…”

Section: List Of Genes/proteins Present In Spermatogoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 1: Background to spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes

Hermo

Pelletier

Cyr

et al. 2009

Microscopy Res & Technique

391

232

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As germ cells divide and differentiate from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, they share a number of structural and functional features that are common to all generations of germ cells and these features are discussed herein. Germ cells are linked to one another by large intercellular bridges which serve to move molecules and even large organelles from the cytoplasm of one cell to another. Mitochondria take on different shapes and features and topographical arrangements to accommodate their specific needs during spermatogenesis. The nuclear envelope and pore complex also undergo extensive modifications concomitant with the development of germ cell generations. Apoptosis is an event that is normally triggered by germ cells and involves many proteins. It occurs to limit the germ cell pool and acts as a quality control mechanism. The ubiquitin pathway comprises enzymes that ubiquitinate as well as deubiquitinate target proteins and this pathway is present and functional in germ cells. Germ cells express many proteins involved in water balance and pH control as well as voltage-gated ion channel movement. In the nucleus, proteins undergo epigenetic modifications which include methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, with each of these modifications signaling changes in chromatin structure. Germ cells contain specialized transcription complexes that coordinate the differentiation program of spermatogenesis, and there are many male germ cell-specific differences in the components of this machinery. All of the above features of germ cells will be discussed along with the specific proteins/genes and abnormalities to fertility related to each topic.

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“…During spermatogenesis, thousands of genes need to be temporally expressed (Eddy, 1998;Grimes, 2004) and, for HSF2, miR-18-mediated regulation provides a mechanism bypassing transcriptional regulation. Indeed, regulation of expression through translational control is a striking feature of spermatogenesis, particularly in meiotic and haploid germ cells where most mRNA species are at times translationally repressed and sequestered in ribonucleoprotein particles, e.g.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

miR-18, a member of Oncomir-1, targets heat shock transcription factor 2 in spermatogenesis

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYmiR-18 belongs to the Oncomir-1 or miR-17~92 cluster that is intimately associated with the occurrence and progression of different types of cancer. However, the physiological roles of the Oncomir-1 cluster and its individual miRNAs are largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel function for miR-18 in mouse. We show that miR-18 directly targets heat shock factor 2 (HSF2), a transcription factor that influences a wide range of developmental processes including embryogenesis and gametogenesis. Furthermore, we show that miR-18 is highly abundant in testis, displaying distinct cell-type-specific expression during the epithelial cycle that constitutes spermatogenesis. Expression of HSF2 and of miR-18 exhibit an inverse correlation during spermatogenesis, indicating that, in germ cells, HSF2 is downregulated by miR-18. To investigate the in vivo function of miR-18 we developed a novel method, T-GIST, and demonstrate that inhibition of miR-18 in intact seminiferous tubules leads to increased HSF2 protein levels and altered expression of HSF2 target genes. Our results reveal that miR-18 regulates HSF2 activity in spermatogenesis and link miR-18 to HSF2-mediated physiological processes such as male germ cell maturation.

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Testis-specific transcriptional control

Cited by 45 publications

References 119 publications

Lamin A/C proteins in the spermatid acroplaxome are essential in mouse spermiogenesis

Lamin A/C proteins in the spermatid acroplaxome are essential in mouse spermiogenesis

Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 1: Background to spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes

miR-18, a member of Oncomir-1, targets heat shock transcription factor 2 in spermatogenesis

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