Testing the savannah corridor hypothesis during MIS2: The Boh Dambang hyena site in southern Cambodia

Direct ESR dating of the Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage from Khok Sung locality, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeast Thailand

“…Outside of Thailand, the Khok Sung assemblage is close in composition (Suraprasit et al, 2016) with those from Boh Dambang, Cambodia, as well as Nam Lot and Tam Hang South, Laos (Bacon et al, 2018). However, a recent study at Boh Dambang showed that the faunal assemblage is likely to be a mixture of two populations of fossils with different ages (Bacon et al, 2018).…”

“…Outside of Thailand, the Khok Sung assemblage is close in composition (Suraprasit et al, 2016) with those from Boh Dambang, Cambodia, as well as Nam Lot and Tam Hang South, Laos (Bacon et al, 2018). However, a recent study at Boh Dambang showed that the faunal assemblage is likely to be a mixture of two populations of fossils with different ages (Bacon et al, 2018). A combination of luminescence, U-series and ESR methods applied to the sediment and fossil teeth correlates some of the fossils to the MIS2 (25-18 ka), while another population of fossil specimens of ~100-80 ka has also been identified as being most likely reworked from older deposits.…”

“…In Asia, the first appearance of Crocuta crocuta was recorded from the Middle Pleistocene layers (> 400 ka) of Zhoukoudian locality 1, northeastern China (Pei, 1934;Shen et al, 2009;Sheng et al, 2014). However, recent studies also documented the survival of spotted hyaenas into the Late Pleistocene (e.g., Nam Lot in Laos: (Bacon et al, 2012(Bacon et al, , 2015 and Boh Dambang in Cambodia (Bacon et al, 2018)). In addition, Martin et al (2012) suggested an Early Pleistocene age for the Khok Sung faunal assemblage.…”

Long-Term Isotope Evidence on the Diet and Habitat Breadth of Pleistocene to Holocene Caprines in Thailand: Implications for the Extirpation and Conservation of Himalayan Gorals

“…Based on fossil records during the Early to Late Pleistocene, both Naemorhedus and Capricornis are considered to be members of the typical Southeast Asian mammal assemblages, also known as the "Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna complex." Their fossil remains have been found in large areas of Asia including China (e.g., Colbert and Hooijer, 1953;Kahlke, 1961;Hu and Qi, 1978;Han and Xu, 1985;Rink et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2015), Vietnam (Long et al, 1996;Bacon et al, 2008aBacon et al, , 2018a, Laos (Bacon et al, 2008b(Bacon et al, , 2011(Bacon et al, , 2012, Thailand (Tougard, 1998(Tougard, , 2001Zeitoun et al, 2010;Filoux et al, 2015;Suraprasit et al, 2016;Wattanapituksakul et al, 2018), Cambodia (Bacon et al, 2018c), Peninsular Malaysia (Ibrahim et al, 2013), and Indonesian islands (Java and Sumatra) (Hooijer, 1958) (Figure 1).…”

“…Measurements of stable oxygen isotope composition ( 18 O/ 16 O) in tooth enamel are also useful to explore the drinking or plant consumption behavior of animals due to isotopic differences in local meteoric water, depending on climatic conditions such as air temperature, humidity, and precipitation amount (e.g., Dansgaard, 1964;Bryant et al, 1996;Fricke and O'Neil, 1996;Kohn, 1996;Higgins and MacFadden, 2004). In some Pleistocene Southeast Asian sites, previous carbon isotope measurements on tooth enamel have revealed variabilities in dietary signatures, either pure C 3 or C 4 plants or even both types of vegetation, for the species of C. sumatraensis [e.g., data from Tham Wiman Nakin (Pushkina et al, 2010), Khok Sung (Suraprasit et al, 2018), Boh Dambang (Bacon et al, 2018c), and Nam Lot (Bacon et al, 2018b)], leading to the question of whether it was fundamentally a grazer or a browser. Moreover, diet and habitat preferences of both species of Naemorhedus (N. griseus and N. goral) have rarely been investigated so far.…”