“…Extensive research has been carried out to understand the mechanical behavior of SSCSs under various loading conditions, e.g., under static load [ 21 , 22 ], semi-static load [ 19 , [23] , [24] , [25] ], dynamic load [ 10 , 26 , 27 ], and seismic excitation [ 9 , 28 , 29 ]. Furthermore, several attempts have been made in both field tests [ 16 , 30 , 31 ] and numerical simulation [ [32] , [33] , [34] ] to investigate the response of SSCSs under ultimate loading conditions.…”