Testing the myth of the encoding–retrieval match

Goh, Winston D.; Lu, Sharon

doi:10.3758/s13421-011-0133-9

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is in line with another recent study that examined the orientation match between study and test in face recognition (Marzi and Viggiano, ). Recent research demonstrates that the extent to which a study‐test match supports retrieval is modulated by the degree to which a cue provides diagnostic information about a studied item (e.g., Goh and Lu, ; Poirier et al, ; see Nairne, for related discussion). Compared to upright face cues, presentation of inverted face cues increases reliance on feature‐based processing, in particular under the conditions of the current study in which image morphing introduced many overlapping features between the three faces in each display.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representational demands modulate involvement of perirhinal cortex in face processing

2013

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The classic view holds that the medial temporal lobes (MTL) are dedicated to declarative memory functioning. Recent evidence, however, suggests that perirhinal cortex (PrC), a structure within the anterior MTL, may also play a role in perceptual discriminations when representations of complex conjunctions of features, or of gestalt-characteristics of objects must be generated. Interestingly, neuroimaging and electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates have also revealed a face patch in the anterior collateral sulcus with preferential responses to face stimuli in various task contexts. In the present fMRI study, we investigated the representational demands that influence PrC involvement in different types of judgments on human faces. Holding stimulus complexity constant, we independently manipulated the nature of the task and the orientation of the stimuli presented (through face inversion). Aspects of right PrC showed increased responses in a forced-choice recognition-memory and a perceptual-oddity task, as compared to a feature-search task that was included to probe visual detection of an isolated face feature. Effects of stimulus orientation in right PrC were observed when the recognition-memory condition for upright faces was compared with all other experimental conditions, including recognition-memory for inverted faces-a result that can be related to past work on the role of PrC in object unitization. Notably, both effects in right PrC paralleled activity patterns in broader networks of regions that also included the right fusiform gyrus and the amygdala, regions frequently implicated in face processing in prior research. As such, the current findings do not support the view that reference to a prior study episode clearly distinguishes the role of PrC from that of more posterior ventral visual pathway regions. They add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the functional role of specific MTL structures may be best understood in terms of the representations that are required by the task and the stimuli at hand.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representational demands modulate involvement of perirhinal cortex in face processing

2013

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“…A long-standing principle of memory holds that the likelihood of retrieval success varies with the amount of overlap between the processing engaged by an episode when it was initially experienced and the processing later engaged by a retrieval cue: the greater the overlap, the greater the likelihood of retrieval (Morris, et al, 1977; Tulving & Thomson, 1973; see Nairne, 2002 and Goh & Lu, 2012 for caveats). Thus, the ability to adjust cue processing so as to maximize study–test overlap would permit a cue to be optimally employed to meet different retrieval goals (Jacoby, Shimizu, Daniels, & Rhodes, 2005; Robb & Rugg, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval Orientation and the Control of Recollection: An fMRI Study

Morcom

Rugg

2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The present study used event-related fMRI to examine the impact of the adoption of different retrieval orientations on the neural correlates of recollection. In each of two study-test blocks, subjects encoded a mixed list of words and pictures, and then performed a recognition memory task with words as the test items. In one block, the requirement was to respond positively to test items corresponding to studied words, and to reject both new items and items corresponding to the studied pictures. In the other block, positive responses were made to test items corresponding to pictures, and items corresponding to words were classified along with the new items. Based on previous event-related potential (ERP) findings, we predicted that in the word task, recollection-related effects would be found for target information only. This prediction was fulfilled. In both tasks, targets elicited the characteristic pattern of recollection-related activity. By contrast, non-targets elicited this pattern in the picture task, but not in the word task. Importantly, the left angular gyrus was among the regions demonstrating this dissociation of non-target recollection effects according to retrieval orientation. The findings for the angular gyrus parallel prior findings for the `left-parietal' ERP old/new effect, and add to the evidence that the effect reflects recollection-related neural activity originating in left ventral parietal cortex. Thus, the results converge with the previous ERP findings to suggest that the processing of retrieval cues can be constrained to prevent the retrieval of goal-irrelevant information.

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“… Cues can also have detrimental effects on retrieval when the additional cue is strongly associated with many nontarget items. To truly be beneficial, the additional cues should be diagnostic or discriminative of the target (Goh & Lu, ; Nairne, ; Poirier et al., ). …”

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confidence: 99%

Semantic Search in the Remote Associates Test

Davelaar

2015

Topics in Cognitive Science

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Searching through semantic memory may involve the use of several retrieval cues. In a verbal fluency task, the set of available cues is limited and every candidate word is a target. Individuals exhibit clustering behavior as predicted by optimal foraging theory. In another semantic search task, the remote associates task (RAT), three cues are presented and a single target word has to be found. Whereas the task has been widely studied as a task of creativity or insight problem solving, in this article, the RAT is treated as a semantic retrieval task and assessed from the perspective of information foraging theory. Experiments are presented that address the superadditive combination of cues and the anti-clustering behavior in the recall sequence. A new type of search behavior in the RAT is put forward that involves maximizing the difference in activation between target and distractors. This type of search is advantageous when the target is weak and cue patches are contaminated with strong competitors.

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Testing the myth of the encoding–retrieval match

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Representational demands modulate involvement of perirhinal cortex in face processing

Representational demands modulate involvement of perirhinal cortex in face processing

Retrieval Orientation and the Control of Recollection: An fMRI Study

Semantic Search in the Remote Associates Test

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