“…These outer belt electrons range from tens of keV to several MeV, and can exhibit highly dynamic behavior, including loss, transport, and acceleration processes. Their flux change can reach several orders of magnitude with timescales varying from hours to days, especially during strong storm or substorm activity (Baker et al., 2004, 2019; Hua, Bortnik, Spence, & Reeves, 2023; Reeves et al., 2016; Turner et al., 2015, 2019). Among these processes, fast and strong decreases in electron fluxes, also called dropouts (Green et al., 2004; Onsager et al., 2002; Turner, Morley, et al., 2012, and references therein), have attracted extensive attention due to their essential importance for radiation belt modeling and prediction.…”