Testing the inverse-square law of gravity in boreholes at the Nevada Test Site

… and Fall

“…54 All of these results were eventually published in journals. In the case of Eckhardt et al (1987b), Stubbs et al (1989b), and Thomas and Vogel (1990) there were no significant changes. For Bizzeti et al (1989b) considerably more data was included although their general conclusion did not change.…”

Searches for New Macroscopic Forces

“…Thomas & Vogel analyzed data from boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, comparing g(z) data from a borehole at the center of a cluster of fi ve boreholes to a Newtonian gravity model (72). The model used density measurements from all five boreholes to generate a lateral mass profi le.…”

“…The most serious limitation in geophysical tests of the l/r 2 law is the need fo r an accurate understanding of the Earth's gravity field at the experimental site. Variations in the subsurface and surface structure affect both terms in Equation 11 (69,(72)(73)(74). Auxiliary measurements of p and surface gravity are made to ensure that the Newtonian gravity model incorporates higher order contributions.…”

Magneto-optical trapping in a near-suface borehole

“…These benefits have led to gravity surveys being used in a number of environments to detect features of interest [ 3 ], including below the surface in boreholes. Borehole gravity sensing is used for a number of applications, including: remote sensing of gas and oil zones behind casing [ 4 ]; vertical density profiling for gravity map interpretation and for seismic modelling and analysis [ 5 ]; detection of geologic structures [ 6 , 7 ]; determination of reservoir porosity for reserve estimates [ 8 ]; monitoring of reservoir fluid conditions for production evaluation, and rock-type change mapping for groundwater and engineering studies [ 9 , 10 ]; Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) monitoring [ 11 , 12 ]; as well as tests of fundamental physics [ 13 , 14 ].…”