Testing the Function of Productide Brachiopod Spines on Arenaceous Substrates Using 3d Printed Models

Garcia, Elvira A.; Molinaro, Darrin J.; Leighton, Lindsey R.

doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-300259

Cited by 1 publication

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Leighton (2000) further tested the mobile substrate hypothesis using environmental distribution data for the Devonian productidine Praewaagenoconcha and found its preferred environment to be in coarser sediments and higher energy settings on platform margins. Garcia et al (2018) corroborated this conclusion through an experiment in which 3D printed spinose and aspinose Praewaagenoconcha models were placed in a recirculating flume to determine relative stability. Garcia et al (2018) found that the spinose models were more resistant to scour, reorientation and transport than the aspinose models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Garcia et al (2018) corroborated this conclusion through an experiment in which 3D printed spinose and aspinose Praewaagenoconcha models were placed in a recirculating flume to determine relative stability. Garcia et al (2018) found that the spinose models were more resistant to scour, reorientation and transport than the aspinose models. More recently, Dievert et al (2020) utilized a performance space to quantify the functional/evolutionary morphology of echinoconchoids and demonstrated that a single morphology can adequately serve multiple functions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Spines were added digitally using CAD software to all models except for Echinaria. The methods used were adapted from Garcia et al (2018) and Dievert et al (2019). For most of the models, spines were initially digitally placed and printed horizontally and parallel to the printing surface and were attached to a surrounding support wall and the models themselves.…”

Section: Physical Model Creationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three lineages/superfamilies within the suborder are separated by marked differences in spine geometry, valve convexity and outline profile, which potentially may be associated with specific environmental conditions or adaptations. Multiple hypotheses exist for the function of productide spines, including: support on soft substrates (Grant 1966(Grant , 1968), resistance to transport in highvelocity currents (Alexander 1981(Alexander , 1984Brunton 1982;Leighton 2000;Garcia et al 2018), sensory organs (Rudwick 1970) or defence against predation (Signor & Brett 1984;Alexander 1990Alexander , 2001Leighton 1999Leighton , 2001aRichards & Leighton 2012;Johnsen et al 2013). The size, abundance and morphology of spines may also reflect a latitudinal gradient in which biotic factors such as increased predation and greater calcification rates combine to produce stronger ornamentation such as spines in the tropics as evidenced by several studies of mid-to late Palaeozoic brachiopods (Leighton 1999;Dietl & Kelley 2001;Wu et al 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in valve morphology have also been used as evidence for physiological adaptations, such as to enhance respiration, feeding, reproduction or hinge mechanics (Alexander 2001). Previous work has attempted to test productidine spine function hypotheses using environmental distributions and/or biomechanical tests (Grant 1966(Grant , 1968Alexander 1984;Leighton 2000;Garcia et al 2018) but were typically limited to testing one spine function or geometry or valve morphology. Additionally, other studies (Shiino & Suzuki 2011, 2015 have examined feeding mechanics using physical models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The functional performance of productidine brachiopods in relation to environmental variables

Dievert

Gingras

Leighton

2021

LET

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fossils are useful as palaeoenvironmental indicators when evaluated using large occurrence and lithology association data sets and/or functional morphology. However, when functional morphology is invoked on an ad hoc basis there exists a risk of circular reasoning. Performance spaces/landscapes constructed using biomechanical experiments can be used to tie performance to morphology quantitatively. They can be used to estimate fitness and function in specific environments by allowing multiple specific measures of function to be evaluated simultaneously. Absolute performance can be used to constrain palaeoenvironmental interpretations by detecting functional limits. We constructed a performance space with four variables (transport resistance, settling time, settling orientation and respiration potential) relating to hydrodynamic and metabolic variables. We combine new performance data with existing palaeoenvironmental interpretations and associated distributions of brachiopods of the suborder Productidina during the late Carboniferous and early Permian in the North American Midcontinent. Productidines were chosen because they lacked pedicles and relied on body and spine morphology to interact with their environment. Offshore dysoxiaassociated taxa had increased resistance to sinking and proportionally larger lophophores, potentially improving survivorship in low-oxygen, soft substrate environments. Taxa associated with nearshore and oxygenated offshore environments display a range in performance consistent with a range of conditions, but all had proportionally smaller lophophores. Models that are less stable in high-velocity flows consistently settle in the correct convex down orientation if entrained, while more stable models did not. Our study suggests that as productidines radiated during the Carboniferous, they also differentiated within the performance space. □ 3D printing, functional morphology, palaeoenvironment, Pennsylvanian, Permian.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 66%