Testing the extraction of 12 mycotoxins from aqueous solutions by insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer

Abstract

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi; they are common contaminants in numerous foods and beverages. Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped oligosaccharides, which can form host-guest type complexes with certain mycotoxins. Insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer (BBP) extracted successfully some mycotoxins (e.g., alternariol and zearalenone) from aqueous solutions, including beverages. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the ability of BBP to remove other 12 mycotoxins (including aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) from different buffers (pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0). Our results showed that BBP can effectively extract citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, sterigmatocystin, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol at each pH tested. However, for the removal of ochratoxin A, BBP was far the most effective at pH 3.0. Based on these observations, BBP may be a suitable mycotoxin binder to extract certain mycotoxins from aqueous solutions for decontamination and/or for analytical purposes.

Interaction of the Emerging Mycotoxins Beauvericin, Cyclopiazonic Acid, and Sterigmatocystin with Human Serum Albumin

“…The concentrations of warfarin and camptothecin were determined by HPLC-FLD, while naproxen was quantified by HPLC-UV using the previously described methods without modification [ 21 , 29 ]. CPA and STC were quantified employing the recently reported HPLC-UV methods [ 34 ].…”

Probing Serum Albumins and Cyclodextrins as Binders of the Mycotoxin Metabolites Alternariol-3-Glucoside, Alternariol-9-Monomethylether-3-Glucoside, and Zearalenone-14-Glucuronide

“…Moreover, BBP also strongly decreased the alternariol content of red wine [ 13 ]. Zearalenone, zearalenols, zearalanone, zearalanols, and zearalenone sulfate were almost completely removed from aqueous solutions by BBP [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In addition, certain CDs strongly alleviated or even ceased the alternariol- and zearalenone-induced toxic effects in cell experiments and in zebrafish studies [ 18 , 23 ].…”

“…Insoluble CD polymers can effectively extract certain xenobiotics from aqueous solutions; therefore, they may be applied for the treatment of wastewater and/or for the removal of toxicants, pollutants, or pharmaceutical residues from aqueous matrices [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Based on previous studies, BBP is highly suitable for the extraction of alternariol, alternariol sulfate, alternariol methyl ether, alternariol monomethyl sulfate, zearalenone, zearalenols, zearalanone, zearalanols, zearalenone sulfate, and ochratoxin A [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Nevertheless, this polymer showed moderate (e.g., citrinin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone glucoside) or slight (e.g., deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin M1) interactions with certain other mycotoxins [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Based on previous studies, BBP is highly suitable for the extraction of alternariol, alternariol sulfate, alternariol methyl ether, alternariol monomethyl sulfate, zearalenone, zearalenols, zearalanone, zearalanols, zearalenone sulfate, and ochratoxin A [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Nevertheless, this polymer showed moderate (e.g., citrinin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone glucoside) or slight (e.g., deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin M1) interactions with certain other mycotoxins [ 21 , 22 ].…”

New opportunities for cyclodextrins in supramolecular assembly: metal organic frameworks, crystalline self-assembly, and catalyzed assembly

“…This improvement can be attributed to the damage of the intramolecular hydrogen bond belt in pristine b-CD. 1 At present, CDs are extensively employed in all practical sectors of industry, including pharmacy, 2-4 food, [5][6][7] chromatography, 8,9 agriculture, 10 cosmetics and toiletries, 11 and environment. [12][13][14] The most prominent feature of a CD's structure is its dimensionally stable cavity.…”