Testing the cryovolcanism and plate bending hypotheses for Charon's smooth plains

Strong Tidal Dissipation at Uranus?

“…Since cold ice behaves rigidly, while warm ice flows, a measurement of T e can be used to infer the thermal gradient and thus-assuming some thermal conductivity-the heat flux. This approach has been used for various icy bodies, including Europa (e.g., Billings & Kattenhorn 2005), Ganymede (e.g., Nimmo & Pappalardo 2004), Enceladus (e.g., Giese et al 2008), Tethys (e.g., Giese et al 2007), andCharon (e.g., Borrelli &Collins 2021). A similar approach makes use of estimates of the brittle-ductile transition depth to likewise infer the heat flux (e.g., Ruiz 2005).…”