Testing the controllability of contextual cuing of visual search

Luque, David; Vadillo, Miguel A.; López, Francisco J.; Alonso, Rafael; Shanks, David R.

doi:10.1038/srep39645

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Vadillo et al (2016) showed that participants are aware of the repeated displays when sufficiently sensitive measures of awareness are used in high-powered experiments. Travis et al (2013) and Vadillo, Giménez-Fernández et al (2020) found that contextual cuing is not completely independent of working memory or selective attention. Finally, Luque et al (2017) showed that contextual cuing is flexible and can be modified in a goal-directed way when participants are instructed to search for another target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic cuing of visual search: Neither implicit nor inflexible.

Giménez‐Fernández¹,

Luque²,

Shanks

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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In probabilistic cuing of visual search, participants search for a target object that appears more frequently in one region of the display. This task results in a search bias towards the rich quadrant compared with other quadrants. Previous research suggests that this bias is inflexible (difficult to unlearn) and implicit (participants are unaware of the biased distribution of targets). We tested these hypotheses in two preregistered, high-powered experiments (Ns = 160 and 162). In an initial biased stage, participants performed a standard probabilistic cuing task. In a subsequent unbiased stage, the target appeared in all quadrants with equal probability. Awareness questions were included after the biased stage in one group of participants, and after the unbiased stage in a second group. Results showed that participants were aware of the rich area and this effect was larger for the group whose awareness was assessed after the biased stage. In addition, analyses of visual search times indicated that the search bias towards the rich area (formed during the biased stage) was reduced during the unbiased stage. These results cast doubts on the characterization of probabilistic cuing as an implicit and inflexible 'search habit'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic cuing of visual search: Neither implicit nor inflexible.

Giménez‐Fernández¹,

Luque²,

Shanks

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…In contrast, the absence of search facilitation for unattended repeated configurations demonstrated that learning could only be expressed, that is used for memory‐guided search, when the repeated configuration was attended. In this context, it is noteworthy that expression of a learned target–distractor pattern apparently can also be blocked by explicit instructions to search for a new, different, target within learned displays (Luque, Vadillo, Lopez, Alonso, & Shanks, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory dependence of spatial contextual cueing for visual search

Pollmann

2018

British J of Psychology

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When spatial stimulus configurations repeat in visual search, a search facilitation, resulting in shorter search times, can be observed that is due to incidental learning. This contextual cueing effect appears to be rather implicit, uncorrelated with observers' explicit memory of display configurations. Nevertheless, as I review here, this search facilitation due to contextual cueing depends on visuospatial working memory resources, and it disappears when visuospatial working memory is loaded by a concurrent delayed match to sample task. However, the search facilitation immediately recovers for displays learnt under visuospatial working memory load when this load is removed in a subsequent test phase. Thus, latent learning of visuospatial configurations does not depend on visuospatial working memory, but the expression of learning, as memory-guided search in repeated displays, does. This working memory dependence has also consequences for visual search with foveal vision loss, where top-down controlled visual exploration strategies pose high demands on visuospatial working memory, in this way interfering with memory-guided search in repeated displays. Converging evidence for the contribution of working memory to contextual cueing comes from neuroimaging data demonstrating that distinct cortical areas along the intraparietal sulcus as well as more ventral parieto-occipital cortex are jointly activated by visual working memory and contextual cueing.

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“…The race-lightness effect appears to show some of the classic hallmarks of automaticity, in that it arises relatively quickly, and apparently without participants being aware of the cue integration process. However, it is also sensitive to high level goals (see Luque, Vadillo, Lopez, Alonso, & Shanks, 2017, for recent analogous discussion in a different domain). Results from many studies however here concur in suggesting that no cognitive phenomena are completely automatic, or completely controlled (Jacoby, 1991;Payne, Jacoby, & Lambert, 2004).…”

Section: Automaticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial bias in face perception is sensitive to instructions but not introspection

Travers

Fairhurst

Deroy

2020

Consciousness and Cognition

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Faces with typically African features are perceived as darker than they really are. We investigated how early in processing the bias emerges, whether participants are aware of it, and whether it can be altered by explicit instructions. We presented pairs of faces sequentially, manipulated the luminance and morphological features of each, and asked participants which was lighter, and how confident they were in their responses. In Experiment 1, pre-response mouse cursor trajectories showed that morphology affected motor output just as early as luminance did. Furthermore, participants were not slower to respond or less confident when morphological cues drove them to give a response that conflicted with the actual luminance of the faces. However, Experiment 2 showed that participants could be instructed to reduce their reliance on morphology, even at early stages of processing.Note: All stimuli used, code to run the experiments reported, raw data, and analyses scripts and their outputs can be found at https://osf.io/brssn/?view_only=f458374cf57d4d54b231f9cac252ce95, to be made public on publication.

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Testing the controllability of contextual cuing of visual search

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Probabilistic cuing of visual search: Neither implicit nor inflexible.

Probabilistic cuing of visual search: Neither implicit nor inflexible.

Working memory dependence of spatial contextual cueing for visual search

Racial bias in face perception is sensitive to instructions but not introspection

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