Testing the attentional scope model of rumination: An eye-tracking study using the moving window paradigm

Fang, Lin; Sánchez, Álvaro; Koster, Ernst H. W.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.10.011

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Rumination is more likely to occur in a negative mood and can even reinforce the intensity of the emotions experienced ( Nolen-Hoeksema et al, 2008 ). We hypothesized [based on ( Fang et al, 2017 )] that the use of “rumination” would be associated with a more narrowed attentional scope. In contrast to existing evidence in adults in which this association was confirmed (e.g., Grol et al, 2015 ), the current study found no significant relationship between rumination and attentional narrowing in youth for either positive, negative of neutral stimuli on the ABT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as distraction is considered a rather ambiguous ER strategy that becomes un helpful when used in the long run to avoid negative emotions, an association with a narrowed attentional scope toward emotional information is also plausible ( Förster et al, 2006 ). Lastly, based on the attentional scope model of rumination ( Whitmer and Gotlib, 2013 ) which states that rumination involves a perseverative focus on negative emotional information, an association between rumination and attentional narrowing is to be expected ( Grol et al, 2015 ; Fang et al, 2017 ). Unfortunately, evidence for these theoretical propositions is scarce and limited to adults.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation Strategies and Attentional Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The broaden-and-build theory of Fredrickson (1998 , 2001) states that positive emotions are associated with attentional broadening and negative emotions with attentional narrowing ( Aspinwall, 1998 ; Fredrickson and Joiner, 2002 ; Rowe et al, 2007 ). Given that ER has the possibility to influence both positive and negative emotions which could be related to a broadened or narrowed attention scope ( Aspinwall, 1998 ; Fredrickson and Joiner, 2002 ), and the fact that certain specific ER strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, rumination, and distraction) greatly rely on attentional deployment, it is hypothesized that (1) the use of the adaptive strategy “cognitive reappraisal,” in children and adolescents will be associated with a broadened attentional scope, (2) the use of the maladaptive strategy “rumination” will be associated with a more narrowed attentional scope ( Grol et al, 2015 ; Fang et al, 2017 ), and (3) that the use of the ambiguous ER strategy “distraction,” in children and adolescents, will either be associated with narrowed attention or with attentional broadening. Because of age and gender differences in ER, these differences will be considered in all analyses ( Hyde et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Emotion Regulation Strategies Associated With Visual Attentional Breadth for Emotional Information in Youth?

et al. 2021

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Attentional deployment is currently considered as one of the most central mechanisms in emotion regulation (ER) as it is assumed to be a crucial first step in the selection of emotional information. According to the broaden-and-build theory, positive emotions are associated with attentional broadening and negative emotions with attentional narrowing toward emotional information. Given that ER strategies relying on attentional deployment (i.e., rumination, cognitive reappraisal and distraction) have the possibility to influence positive and negative emotions by (re)directing one’s attention, there could be an association with one’s attentional scope. The current study investigated the association between the general (trait) use of three specific ER strategies and visual attentional breadth for positive, negative, and neutral information in a selected sample of 56 adolescents (M = 12.54, SD = 1.72; 49% girls) at risk for developing psychopathology. First, participants self-reported on their overall use of different ER strategies. Next, the previously validated Attentional Breadth Task (ABT) was used to measure visual attention breadth toward emotional information. No evidence was found for the relationship between 2 specific ER strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and rumination) and visual attentional breadth for neutral, positive and negative emotional information. Surprisingly, “distraction” was associated with visual attentional narrowing, which was unrelated to the valence of the emotion. These unexpected results indicate the multifaceted relationship between trait ER, distraction specifically, and visual attentional breadth for emotional information. Future research, especially in younger age groups, could further elaborate on this research domain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emotion Regulation Strategies and Attentional Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Emotion Regulation Strategies Associated With Visual Attentional Breadth for Emotional Information in Youth?

et al. 2021

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“…The criteria for data exclusion were the same as in the previous study using this paradigm (Fang et al, 2017). Thus, all trials with average fixation duration < 100 ms were excluded (0.36% trials in total), and trials in which reading time was equal or larger than 3 SD of each window size condition were excluded as well (1.11% trials in total).…”

Section: Data Preparation and Analytical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an individual's attentional scope in this task is inferred by comparing performance on different window size conditions and a baseline condition (no restricted window condition). Participants in this previous study (Fang et al, 2017) performed a moving window task during which neutral sentences were presented and their eye movements while reading were recorded. It was found that, when reading neutral sentences, individuals in the high trait rumination group were better able to read sentences (with less total fixation time, fast speed etc) presented in a small window size than individuals in the low trait rumination group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional scope, rumination, and processing of emotional information: An eye-tracking study.

Fang

Sánchez-López

Koster

2019

Emotion

Self Cite

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Rumination is considered as a relatively maladaptive form of repetitive thinking that has a marked impact on mood. Individual differences in attentional scope have been proposed as an important mechanism rendering some individuals more prone to ruminate than others. The attentional scope model of rumination posits that rumination is related to a narrowed attentional scope, which may affect processing of neutral and emotional information. This study (n = 56) aimed to extend research on the relation between rumination and attentional scope while processing neutral, positive and negative information. To assess attentional scope, a moving window task was applied which involved reading both neutral and emotional sentences. The result of reading rate indicated that individuals with higher levels of trait rumination showed a narrower attentional scope in general. In addition, the total reading time of individuals with higher levels of trait rumination was shorter when processing neutral and positive sentences through a constrained window frame, but this was not the case when processing negative sentences. These findings suggest that even though high trait ruminators use an overall constrained manner of processing, they may still process negative information differently compared to other types of information.

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Aberrant degree centrality profiles during rumination in major depressive disorder

Jia,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Human Brain Mapping

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Rumination is closely linked to the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). Prior neuroimaging studies have identified the association between self‐reported rumination trait and the functional coupling among a network of brain regions using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, little is known about the underlying neural circuitry mechanism during active rumination in MDD. Degree centrality (DC) is a simple metric to denote network integration, which is critical for higher‐order psychological processes such as rumination. During an MRI scan, individuals with MDD (N = 45) and healthy controls (HC, N = 46) completed a rumination state task. We examined the interaction effect between the group (MDD vs. HC) and condition (rumination vs. distraction) on vertex‐wise DC. We further characterized the identified brain region's functional involvement with Neurosynth and BrainMap. Network‐wise seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was also conducted for the identified region of interest. Finally, exploratory correlation analysis was conducted between the identified region of interest's network FCs and self‐reported in‐scanner affect levels. We found that a left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) region, generally overlapped with the frontal eye field, showed a significant interaction effect. Further analysis revealed its involvement with executive functions. FCs between this region, the frontoparietal, and the dorsal attention network (DAN) also showed significant interaction effects. Furthermore, its FC to DAN during distraction showed a marginally significant negative association with in‐scanner affect level at the baseline. Our results implicated an essential role of the left SFG in the rumination's underlying neural circuitry mechanism in MDD and provided novel evidence for the conceptualization of rumination in terms of impaired executive control.

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Testing the attentional scope model of rumination: An eye-tracking study using the moving window paradigm

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Are Emotion Regulation Strategies Associated With Visual Attentional Breadth for Emotional Information in Youth?

Are Emotion Regulation Strategies Associated With Visual Attentional Breadth for Emotional Information in Youth?

Attentional scope, rumination, and processing of emotional information: An eye-tracking study.

Aberrant degree centrality profiles during rumination in major depressive disorder

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