Testing Stereotype Threat: Does Anxiety Explain Race and Sex Differences in Achievement?

Osborne, Jason W.

doi:10.1006/ceps.2000.1052

Cited by 254 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast, for the current study the Internet was the ideal medium because not only were participants selected at random for representation stratified geographically, but many extraneous experimental variables were eliminated. Prior work has demonstrated that race and gender of the experimenter, perceived experimenter attitudes, race of co-participants (tokenism effects), and many other cues can affect outcomes in studies designed to measure the effects of group membership (Osborne, 2001). As an Internet-based study, this investigation is relatively free of such biases (Gosling et al, 2004).…”

Section: Internet Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of race and racial priming on self-report of contamination anxiety

Williams¹,

Turkheimer²,

Magee³

et al. 2008

Personality and Individual Differences

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African Americans show unusually high endorsement rates on self-report measures of contamination anxiety. The purpose of this study was to replicate this finding in a nationally representative sample and conduct a randomized experiment to determine the effect of salience of race as a causal factor. Black and White participants were given contamination items from two popular measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder, half prior to being primed about ethnic identity and half after being primed, via the administration of an ethnic identity measure. The experiment took the form of a 2 (Black and White participant) X 2 (ethnicity salient and ethnicity non-salient) double-blind design, with ethnic saliency assigned at random by computer. Participants consisted of a geographically representative US sample of African Americans supplemented with a similar sample of European Americans (N=258). Black participants scored significantly higher than White participants on contamination scales. Participants from Southern states scored higher than those from other regions. Over-endorsements by Black participants were greater when awareness of ethnic and racial identification was increased. Clinical and research implications were discussed; these measures should be used with caution in African Americans.

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Section: Internet Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of race and racial priming on self-report of contamination anxiety

Williams¹,

Turkheimer²,

Magee³

et al. 2008

Personality and Individual Differences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This may result in more fluid, clear, concise speech and smoother social interactions. Past studies have found that lower anxiety relates to higher performance on a variety of tasks, from academic tests to interpersonal interactions (Brooks & Schweitzer, 2001;Glass, Merluzzi, Biever, & Larsen, 1982;Littlepage, Morris, & Poole, 1991;Osborne, 2001;Plaks & Stecher, 2007;Steele, 1997). With less anxiety, confident individuals, even when their confidence is unjustified by actual task ability, may be more articulate and attentive to others.…”

Section: The Case Against Punitivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

When overconfidence is revealed to others: Testing the status-enhancement theory of overconfidence

Kennedy

Anderson

Moore

2013

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

125

101

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“…The net result is worse performance (Payne 1984). Anxiety, likewise, is a critical component in the relationship between stereotype threat and women's (poor) performance on a standardized math test (O'Brien and Crandall 2003;Osborne 2001;Spencer et al 1999).…”

Section: Stereotype Threat In Consumption Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotype Threat in the Marketplace: Consumer Anxiety and Purchase Intentions

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Vohs³

2011

J Consum Res

111

134

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How do consumers react when they believe that a transaction partner will view them through the lens of a stereotype? We predicted and found that being aware of a negative stereotype about a group to which one belongs (e.g., gender) made consumers sensitive to whether service providers were in-group versus out-group members and lowered purchase intentions when the provider was an out-group member. We observed stereotype threat effects across diverse marketplace settings: financial services (experiment 1), automobile repairs (experiment 2), and automobile purchases (experiment 3). Furthermore, we found that reluctance to purchase from out-group (vs. in-group) members was caused by heightened anxiety. The presence of a soothing scent, as a situational factor to alleviate anxiety, mitigated stereotype threat effects on marketplace decisions.

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Testing Stereotype Threat: Does Anxiety Explain Race and Sex Differences in Achievement?

Cited by 254 publications

References 32 publications

The effects of race and racial priming on self-report of contamination anxiety

The effects of race and racial priming on self-report of contamination anxiety

When overconfidence is revealed to others: Testing the status-enhancement theory of overconfidence

Stereotype Threat in the Marketplace: Consumer Anxiety and Purchase Intentions

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