Testing species boundaries in the Antrodiaetus unicolor complex (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Antrodiaetidae): “Paraphyly” and cryptic diversity

Hendrixson, Brent E.; Bond, Jason E.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.021

Cited by 78 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Among closely related yet morphologically diagnosable species in another cyrtaucheniid, the euctenizine genus Apomastus Bond & Opell, 2002, which has a restricted distribution around the Los Angeles Basin (southern California, USA), the average genetic divergence of the coxI gene was approximately 7% (0.1-11%) (Bond 2004). Similar average genetic divergences of the coxI (0.1-12.1%) have also been calculated in the antrodiaetid Antrodiaetus unicolor complex, which includes closely related, probably cryptic species distributed throughout eastern regions of the USA (Hendrixson and Bond 2005). In general, the level of divergence observed across M. calpeiana populations (Table 3) falls well within the values reported between putative cryptic species in North American mygalomorphs (particularly coxI values-rrnL lag a little behind).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The levels of genetic divergence observed across M. calpeiana populations are reasonably high for intraspecific data. Strong population divisions are likely to appear in mygalomorphs due to their limited ability to disperse and extreme habitat fidelity (Hendrixson and Bond 2005). Studies of several North American mygalomorph spiders have revealed deep phylogeographic structure in relatively restricted geographic areas, which has been interpreted as evidence for the existence of cryptic species (Bond et al 2001;Bond 2004;Hendrixson and Bond 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong population divisions are likely to appear in mygalomorphs due to their limited ability to disperse and extreme habitat fidelity (Hendrixson and Bond 2005). Studies of several North American mygalomorph spiders have revealed deep phylogeographic structure in relatively restricted geographic areas, which has been interpreted as evidence for the existence of cryptic species (Bond et al 2001;Bond 2004;Hendrixson and Bond 2005). Populations of the cyrtaucheniid mygalomorph Aptostichus simus (Chamberlin 1917) in coastal habitats across southern California showed average genetic divergences in the rrnL gene of 6.9%, with levels of divergence between main haplotype arrays ranging from 6 to 12%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is evidence that under certain circumstances mitochondrial markers may not accurately reflect population dynamics or history (Irwin 2002;Funk and Omland 2003;Ballard and Whitlock 2004;Lin and Danforth 2004). This may be particularly true in low-dispersal organisms, or in species with sedentary females and vagile males, as it is the case in mygalomorph spiders (Hendrixson and Bond 2005). Nevertheless, the striking similarity of the biogeographic patterns recovered in Macrothele with those reported in ecologically and taxonomically divergent lineages (amphibians and reptiles, see above) gives us confidence in our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial markers reveal deep population subdivision in the European protected spider Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) (Araneae, Hexathelidae)

Arnedo

Ferrández²

2007

Conserv Genet

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The funnel-web spider genus Macrothele is the only representative of the mygalomorph family Hexathelidae not found in Australia or New Zealand. Its 26 species occur in Central Africa and the Oriental region. Two Macrothele species are found in Europe: M. cretica Kulczynski, 1903 from Crete, and M. calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) type species of the genus and the largest European spider, whose distribution extends across the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, and in two localities of North Africa. Macrothele calpeiana is the only spider protected under European legislation. The fragmentation and destruction of the cork oak forest, with which M. calpeiana was thought to be closely associated, prompted the inclusion of this species in the Bern Convention. Some authors, however, have challenged this view and consider M. calpeiana to be neither a cork oak forest bioindicator nor an endangered species. By contrast, other observations suggest that the distribution of the species is extremely fragmented and that most local populations should be considered as threatened. In this paper, we examine aspects of the conservation status of M. calpeiana in the light of molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers of sample specimens from major populations. Our data confirm the fragmented distribution of M. calpeiana and reveal high levels of genetic differentiation across its populations. Local population growth cannot be ruled out, though the lineage as a whole has apparently not undergone population growth. Lineage age estimates suggest that M. calpeiana colonized the Iberian Peninsula during the Messinian salinity crisis and that the current population fragmentation originates from the Pliocene and Pleistocene. We argue that the fragmentation and deep genetic divergence across populations, along with evolutionary singularity and endemicity in one of Europe's main biodiversity hotspots, support the preservation of its legally protected status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial markers reveal deep population subdivision in the European protected spider Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) (Araneae, Hexathelidae)

Arnedo

Ferrández²

2007

Conserv Genet

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“…A number of animal species were defined with the WP method (e.g., Hendrixson and Bond, 2005;Leavitt et al, 2007;Mulcahy, 2008) yet it has never been utilized with plants. It has been argued that polyploidy, asexual reproduction or hybridization are factors that solely affect evolutionary processes in plants (Rieseberg, 1997;Mable, 2004;Rieseberg and Willis, 2007;Silvertwon, 2008;Soltis et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delimiting species boundaries within the Neotropical bamboo Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) using molecular, morphological and ecological data

Ruíz-Sánchez

Sosa

2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Phylogeography and cohesion species delimitation of California endemic trapdoor spiders within the Aptostichus icenoglei sibling species complex (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)

Newton

Starrett

Jochim

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Species delimitation is an imperative first step toward understanding Earth's biodiversity, yet what constitutes a species and the relative importance of the various processes by which new species arise continue to be debatable. Species delimitation in spiders has traditionally used morphological characters; however, certain mygalomorph spiders exhibit morphological homogeneity despite long periods of population-level isolation, absence of gene flow, and consequent high degrees of molecular divergence.Studies have shown strong geographic structuring and significant genetic divergence among several species complexes within the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus, most of which are restricted to the California Floristic Province (CAFP) biodiversity hotspot. Specifically, the Aptostichus icenoglei complex, which comprises the three sibling species, A. barackobamai, A. isabella, and A. icenoglei, exhibits evidence of cryptic mitochondrial DNA diversity throughout their ranges in Northern, Central, and Southern California. Our study aimed to explicitly test species hypotheses within this assemblage by implementing a cohesion species-based approach. We used genomic-scale data (ultraconserved elements, UCEs) to first evaluate genetic exchangeability and then assessed ecological interchangeability of genetic lineages. Biogeographical analysis was used to assess the likelihood of dispersal versus vicariance events that may have influenced speciation pattern and process across the CAFP's complex geologic and topographic landscape. Considering the lack of congruence across data types and analyses, we take a more conservative approach by retaining species boundaries within A. icenoglei.

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Testing species boundaries in the Antrodiaetus unicolor complex (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Antrodiaetidae): “Paraphyly” and cryptic diversity

Cited by 78 publications

References 62 publications

Mitochondrial markers reveal deep population subdivision in the European protected spider Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) (Araneae, Hexathelidae)

Mitochondrial markers reveal deep population subdivision in the European protected spider Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) (Araneae, Hexathelidae)

Delimiting species boundaries within the Neotropical bamboo Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) using molecular, morphological and ecological data

Phylogeography and cohesion species delimitation of California endemic trapdoor spiders within the Aptostichus icenoglei sibling species complex (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)

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