Testing, simulation and design of steel equal-leg angle section beams

Behaviour, finite element modelling and design of cruciform section steel columns

“…local and torsional. Similar observations have been made for angle section columns in [6][7][8] and angle section beams in [8,9]. The strength of cruciform section members varies with the torsional to the flexural elastic buckling load ratio for the same slenderness when torsional buckling is critical, as shown in Section 4.3.…”