Testing of Modified Zeolite Hemostatic Dressings in a Large Animal Model of Lethal Groin Injury

Abstract

The use of zeolite hemostat can control hemorrhage and dramatically reduce mortality from a lethal groin wound. Modifications of zeolite hemostat can decrease the exothermic reaction and attenuate tissue damage.

Comparison of Celox-A, ChitoFlex, WoundStat, and Combat Gauze Hemostatic Agents Versus Standard Gauze Dressing in Control of Hemorrhage in a Swine Model of Penetrating Trauma

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, in both civilian and combat trauma, gunshot wounds commonly result in an isolated penetrating extremity injury. Further, anecdotal reports from deployed combat medics and corpsmen indicate that some hemostatic agents may be less effective on smaller, linear-tract wounds with severe vessel injury, such as injury from bullets or fragments from improvised explosive devices.…”

Adenosine diphosphate-decorated chitosan nanoparticles shorten blood clotting times, influencing the structures and varying the mechanical properties of the clots

“…3,4 The latter absorbs water released from injured sites and can increase local platelet concentrations and coagulation factors. 5,6 The chemical reactions of QuikClot zeolite powder are exothermic, and the powder has poor biodegradability. Therefore, it can injure tissues, such as blood vessels.…”

Hemostatic effect of a chitosan linear polymer (Celox®) in a severe femoral artery bleeding rat model under hypothermia or warfarin therapy

“…[9] Several studies have compared the effects of hemostatic agents, but the results of these studies are controversial. [2,[4][5][6][7]9] Most of the studies investigating the effectiveness of hemostatic products have employed normothermic conditions. However, hypothermia is a frequent problem encountered in trauma patients and is related to arduous hemorrhage control and increased mortality.…”

“…[2] Consequently, numerous hemostatic agents have been produced in recent years, and significant improvements have been achieved in their use for traumatic hemorrhage. [2][3][4][5][6][7] These agents have become alternatives to classical methods of hemostasis like compression and tourniquet, especially for prehospital control of hemorrhage, because standard gauze field dressings and direct pressure are often inadequate in the control of hemorrhage. [8] However, the comparative evaluation of hemostatic agents in human clinical studies is very difficult, and animal studies are therefore needed.…”