Testing of formulated fuel with variable aromatic type and contents in a compression-ignition engine

Sharma, Saurabh; Singh, Paramvir; Almohammadi, Bandar Awadh; Khandelwal, Bhupendra; Kumar, Sudarshan

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106413

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The kinematic viscosity of the fuel blends is assumed to vary linearly with the composition of the base fuel and aromatics. 35 The SMD of the ethylbenzene-based fuel is 40% smaller than the kerosene fuel. SMD increases marginally with an increase in aromatic content for all of the aromatics except for methylnaphthalene due to considerable variation in the kinematic viscosity.…”

Section: Fuel Selection and Blend Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These aromatic compounds have been chosen based on a more detailed study on the effect of aromatic type on emissions from a diesel engine. 35 Both monocyclic (ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene) and polycyclic (tetralin, indene, and methylnaphthalene) aromatics are investigated as both are present in kerosene. The binary fuel blends were prepared with a mixture of single added aromatic and straightchain alkane fuel (n-decane).…”

Section: Fuel Selection and Blend Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five different aromatics are considered for the present study based on their properties and chemical structures to study their effects on axial velocity distribution, reactant dilution ratio, and gaseous and acoustic emissions in a distributed combustor. These aromatic compounds have been chosen based on a more detailed study on the effect of aromatic type on emissions from a diesel engine . Both monocyclic (ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene) and polycyclic (tetralin, indene, and methylnaphthalene) aromatics are investigated as both are present in kerosene.…”

Section: Fuel Selection and Blend Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Aromatic Fuel Blends in a Distributed Combustor

et al. 2021

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The present article reports the combustion and emission characteristics of different monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics in a distributed combustion regime. Fuel blends based on five different aromatics, namely, ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, tetralin, indene, and methylnaphthalene, are investigated in a lab-scale distributed combustor at a thermal input of 30 kW, and the results are compared with commercial kerosene fuel. The fuel blends include a mixture of a base fuel, n-decane, and single added aromatics. The combustor is also numerically modeled using a chemical-equilibrium-based nonpremixed droplet combustion model for both monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic blended fuels. It is observed that the proper selection of aromatics in base fuel significantly affects the combustor performance. Fuel blends based on monocyclic aromatics lead to an increased level of dilution and, consequently, a more uniform thermal field. Better spray characteristics of monocyclic aromatic fuel blends in comparison to kerosene and polycyclic aromatics result in reduced levels of gaseous and acoustic emissions. This helps create a more favorable environment for the formation of lower pollutant emissions. Unburned hydrocarbon emissions approach zero levels for ethylbenzene and α-methylstyrene fuel blends. It is observed that both the aromatic type and its overall content are responsible for particulate matter (PM) emissions. A wise selection of a novel aromatic-based fuel blend results in relatively lower PM emission levels in comparison to kerosene. Monocyclic aromatic-based fuel blends have an aromatic content similar to kerosene, and they produce relatively lower PM emissions. It is observed that through a wise selection of aromatic compounds and their concentration, both the objectives of future gas turbines, i.e., performance in terms of seal swell and lower gaseous emissions, can be achieved fastidiously.

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Section: Fuel Selection and Blend Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Selection and Blend Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Selection and Blend Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Aromatic Fuel Blends in a Distributed Combustor

et al. 2021

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“…Although toluene and α-methylstyrene are benzene series, their performance is the worst in the benzene series, and their specific energy is also low. Methylnaphthalene fuelled combustion system emitted higher pollutants due to their higher degree of unsaturation and poor specific energy, and hence ranks last [50,51].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript N O T C O P Y E D I T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Aromatic Structures and Content in Formulated Fuel for Jet Engine Applications on Particulate Matter Emissions

Zheng

Singh

Cronly

et al. 2021

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Fuel formulation with particular selection of fuel components is a promising approach that offer the reduction of harmful emissions without altering the combustion system performance. Each fuel component has their own combustion characteristics and hence contribution in emissions. Aromatic is one of the main component of fossil based fuels and have a strong correlation with the formation of PM emissions. Besides aromatics presence in fuel is essential for compatibility of fuel with combustion system and maintaining the energy density of the fuel. In this regard, a Rolls Royce combustor rig was used to test 16 aromatics blended with jet fuels in three different proportions. Moreover, a novel approach of flame luminosity imaging is employed to measure the PM emissions through the soot propensity profile. The results show that PM emissions increase with the proportional increase of aromatics. The di- and cyclo-aromatics produced significantly higher PM emissions compared to alkyl-benzenes. 3-isopropylcumene has the tendency to lowest PM formation and thus is a consideration as a selection of aromatic type in future fuels for lower PM emissions. Furthermore, it was also observed that PM number concentration measured by extractive method with DMS500 instrument correlates well with imaging methods for all the tested fuels. The present study provides an information of particular selection of aromatic for future fuel development.

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“…It is therefore imperative to study the effects of aromatics content and their structure on the spray pattern and unregulated emissions from various perspectives to improve the fuel quality for future applications. Preliminary cumulative studies were performed for the characterization of performance and regulated emissions with aromatic blended fuels on diesel engines [32,33]. Five different aromatics for experimentation were selected on the basis of their results and based on their chemical structure and specific properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of aromatic selection towards newer formulated fuels for regulated and unregulated emissions reduction in CI engine

Singh

Sharma

Almohammadi

et al. 2020

Fuel Processing Technology

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The fuel composition highly affects formation of toxic pollutants in a diesel engine. The aromatics are found to be prominent fuel components that affect pollutant formation and at the same time help provide lubricity to moving engine parts. Therefore, their effect needs to be addressed systematically. This article elucidates aromatic types and its content effects on fuel atomization, regulated and unregulated emissions. Acoustic emission signals were also recorded for engine noise diagnosis during the exhaustive testing. Five different aromatics namely, ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, indene, tetralin and methylnaphthalene were blended in ratio of 15, 20 and 25% by mass with dearomatized hydrocarbon fuel and tested in a compression ignition engine. Results reveal that unregulated emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) increase with aromatic content. However, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and acoustic emissions were found to be maximum with low aromatic content (15%). The polycyclic aromatics (indene, tetralin and methylnaphthalene) produce higher polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbonyl emissions compared to monocyclic aromatics (ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene). Additionally, polycyclic aromatics with 20% blending produced higher PAHs and carbonyl compound emissions than diesel with 23.6% aromatics. Ethylbenzene showed significantly better results for both spray and emission characteristics compared to the other tested aromatics.

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Testing of formulated fuel with variable aromatic type and contents in a compression-ignition engine

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Investigations on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Aromatic Fuel Blends in a Distributed Combustor

Investigations on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Aromatic Fuel Blends in a Distributed Combustor

Impact of Aromatic Structures and Content in Formulated Fuel for Jet Engine Applications on Particulate Matter Emissions

Applicability of aromatic selection towards newer formulated fuels for regulated and unregulated emissions reduction in CI engine

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