Testing of a Hydrogen Diffusion Flame Array Injector at Gas Turbine Conditions

Weiland, Nathan; Sidwell, Todd; Strakey, Peter

doi:10.1080/00102202.2013.781164

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, the diameter of the holes is generally smaller than the quenching distance of the flame itself; this mitigates the risk of the flame anchor inside the tubes. The quenching distance for a flame, referred to as the case of a tube, is the diameter of the tube; the tube walls remove enough heat from the flame area, which is locally extinguished as it tries to spread inside it [102].…”

Section: Micro-mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends

Cecere,

Giacomazzi,

Di Nardo

et al. 2023

Energies

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The article reviews gas turbine combustion technologies focusing on their current ability to operate with hydrogen enriched natural gas up to 100% H2. The aim is to provide a picture of the most promising fuel-flexible and clean combustion technologies, the object of current research and development. The use of hydrogen in the gas turbine power generation sector is initially motivated, highlighting both its decarbonisation and electric grid stability objectives; moreover, the state-of-the-art of hydrogen-blend gas turbines and their 2024 and 2030 targets are reported in terms of some key performance indicators. Then, the changes in combustion characteristics due to the hydrogen enrichment of natural gas blends are briefly described, from their enhanced reactivity to their pollutant emissions. Finally, gas turbine combustion strategies, both already commercially available (mostly based on aerodynamic flame stabilisation, self-ignition, and staging) or still under development (like the micro-mixing and the exhaust gas recirculation concepts), are described.

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Section: Micro-mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends

Cecere,

Giacomazzi,

Di Nardo

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Operability similar to LDI can be attained in MM burners with careful design. LDI has been used in H 2 combustion to eliminate the risks associated with flashback. , The used configurations incorporated swirl-based mixing in small cups with radial and axial inflow, co-flow mixing, and jet-like cross-flow mixing …”

Section: Existing Burner Technologies In Lpm Gas Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LDI has been used in H 2 combustion to eliminate the risks associated with flashback. 78,79 The used configurations incorporated swirl-based mixing in small cups with radial and axial inflow, 80 co-flow mixing, 81 and jet-like cross-flow mixing. 82 York et al 77 have performed a durability test of a MM burner at firing conditions, such as those of General Electric's F-class GT at full load, and the test endured for almost 100 h. Air fuel combustion has been used with different fuel blends of NG, nitrogen, and H 2 .…”

Section: Micromixer (Mm) Burnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

2020

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Strict emission control regulations call for continuous advancement in existing combustion and carbon-capture technologies to mitigate the rise in pollutants and greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion. Concurrently, improvements in combustion systems would also yield lower fuel consumption and operational cost with greater efficiency. This review addresses these concerns and presents the overview of different combustion technologies and burner designs for cleaner power generation in gas turbines. Emission characteristics are discussed and compared for different combustion concepts, including lean premixed air combustion and oxy-combustion. Various gas turbine burner technologies, including dry low NO x , enhanced-vortex, perforated-plate, and micromixer burners, are discussed extensively, in terms of their operating principle, fuel flexibility, and potential for superior performance under oxy-combustion conditions. Enhanced-vortex and micromixer burners show remarkable flame stability and fuel flexibility and are thus recommended for implementation with hydrogen enrichment in future oxy-fuel gas turbines. The fuel-flexibility approaches for clean energy production, such as hydrogen combustion, hydrogen-enriched combustion, syngas combustion, ammonia combustion, and fuel blending, are explored as well. With the vast recent advances in the techniques of hydrogen production and storage, hydrogen-fueled gas turbines seem to be the perfect choice for clean energy production. The adiabatic flame temperature is identified as a key controlling parameter for the design of oxidizer-flexible combustors in clean gas turbines.

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“…241 LDI designs are based on achieving rapid mixing through lean fuel injection from numerous locations within the combustion zone. Lean Direct Injection (LDI) was found to drastically reduce the risk of flashback in H 2 combustors.…”

Section: Combustion Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lean Direct Injection (LDI) was found to drastically reduce the risk of flashback in H 2 combustors. 241 LDI designs are based on achieving rapid mixing through lean fuel injection from numerous locations within the combustion zone. Miniature-scale distributed premixer arrays, aka MMs, were developed and tested in several studies, in order to reduce NO x emissions safely with H 2 -rich fuel.…”

Section: Combustion Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO₂capture: A review

et al. 2019

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Summary The use of fossil fuel is expected to increase significantly by midcentury because of the large rise in the world energy demand despite the effective integration of renewable energies in the energy production sector. This increase, alongside with the development of stricter emission regulations, forced the manufacturers of combustion systems, especially gas turbines, to develop novel combustion techniques for the control of NOx and CO2 emissions, the latter being a greenhouse gas responsible for more than 60% to the global warming problem. The present review addresses different burner designs and combustion techniques for clean power production in gas turbines. Combustion and emission characteristics, flame instabilities, and solution techniques are presented, such as lean premixed air‐fuel (LPM) and premixed oxy‐fuel combustion techniques, and the combustor performance is compared for both cases. The fuel flexibility approach is also reviewed, as one of the combustion techniques for controlling emissions and reducing flame instabilities, focusing on the hydrogen‐enrichment and the integrated fuel‐flexible premixed oxy‐combustion approaches. State‐of‐the‐art burner designs for gas turbine combustion applications are reviewed in this study, including stagnation point reverse flow (SPRF) burner, dry low NOx (DLN) and dry low‐emission (DLE) burners, EnVironmental burners (including EV, AEV, and SEV burners), perforated plate (PP) burner, and micromixer (MM) burner. Special emphasis is made on the MM combustor technology, as one of the most recent advances in gas turbines for stable premixed flame operation with wide turndown and effective control of NOx emissions. Since the generation of pure oxygen is prerequisite to oxy‐combustion, oxygen‐separation membranes became of immense importance either for air separation for clean oxy‐combustion applications or for conversion/splitting of the effluent CO2 into useful chemical and energy products. The different carbon‐capture technologies, along with the most recent carbon‐utilization approaches towards CO2 emissions control, are also reviewed.

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Testing of a Hydrogen Diffusion Flame Array Injector at Gas Turbine Conditions

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends

Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO₂capture: A review

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Testing of a Hydrogen Diffusion Flame Array Injector at Gas Turbine Conditions

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends

Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO2capture: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO₂capture: A review