Testing Nonverbal Intelligence of Working-age Visually Impaired Adults: Evaluation of the Adapted Kohs Block Design Test

Reid, Juliet M. V.

doi:10.1177/0145482x0209600805

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Used in English in the USA [Mazella et al, 2014]. [Reid, 2002] Made of 3-D textured blocks [Reid, 2002]. Task: Adjust blocks to the model [Reid, 2002].…”

Section: Vithoba Paknikarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developed for the blind and partially sighted people (from 16 to 64 years old) [Reid, 2002]. Correlated with WAIS [Reid, 2002]. Used in English in the UK [Mazella et al, 2014].…”

Section: Adapted Kohs Block Design Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Source: [Brand et al, 1986;Dauterman, 1965;Duncan et al, 1989;Gough & Domino, 1963;Mazella et al, 2014;Mazella et al, 2016;Miller et al, 2007;Paknikar, 1981;Reid, 2002;Rich, 1963;Rich & Anderson, 1965;Suinn et al, 1966].…”

Section: -D Haptic Matrix Test Of Nonverbalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are IQ tests enough to measure intelligence in the blind? Brief review of available and potential methods to estimate intelligence in the blind

Rączy¹,

Korczyk²

2018

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Measuring intelligence in the blind population is a very challenging task. Th e Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, one of the most popular IQ tests, is not suitable due to its reliance on visual stimuli. However, one can observe that neuroscientists have started to look for neural correlates of intelligence, for example by measuring the accuracy of performance in a popular n-back task while subjects undergo fMRI scans. It has been shown that the so-called general intelligence strongly correlates with the memory system in sighted people. Since working memory can also be tested independently of a given sensory input, it can prove to be an excellent tool to measure the working memory capacity, which can serve as a neural correlate of intelligence in the blind.

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“…Used in English in the USA [Mazella et al, 2014]. [Reid, 2002] Made of 3-D textured blocks [Reid, 2002]. Task: Adjust blocks to the model [Reid, 2002].…”

Section: Vithoba Paknikarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developed for the blind and partially sighted people (from 16 to 64 years old) [Reid, 2002]. Correlated with WAIS [Reid, 2002]. Used in English in the UK [Mazella et al, 2014].…”

Section: Adapted Kohs Block Design Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are IQ tests enough to measure intelligence in the blind? Brief review of available and potential methods to estimate intelligence in the blind

Rączy¹,

Korczyk²

2018

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“…For example, we refer to the pioneer studies of Haines (1916), who carried out a scale for the "mental measurement" of the blind, and Hayes (1918Hayes ( , 1923Hayes ( ,1930 who made an adaptation of the Binet test for blind people. These tools, as well as others, were originally designed for sighted subjects and, over time, their use in persons with impaired vision was subjected to analysis and criticism (see Reid, 1995Reid, , 2002. In order to find a solution to this problem, the verbal subscales of the WISC have been used to assess the cognitive functioning of visually impaired children (see Atkins, 2011), but even this solution proved to be inadequate because verbal scales do not provide adequate information on non-verbal reasoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of creative and logical-spatial skills in blind children and adolescents

Caroli

Sagone

Falanga

et al. 2019

Revista INFAD de Psicología

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This paper displays the Action-research project "Analysis and strengthening of divergent thinking in blind and visually impaired children and adolescents", funded by the University of Catania. In light of the importance of divergent and logical-spatial skills for these subjects, in terms of life skills and good educational practices, this research project is aimed to achieve the following objectives a) to realize divergent and logical-spatial skills assessment tools and to verify the validity of these instruments; b) to explore the factors of divergent thinking in order to better understand the most deficient skills; c) to proceed with the strengthening of the more inadequate divergent abilities in the subjects. We had Stamperia Braille of Catania print the Williams' Test of divergent thinking (TCD protocol A and B) and the Raven Matrices (standard SPM and colored CPM) in relief by thermoforming on PVC with relief height not lower than 0.9mm in order to allow the haptic understanding of stimuli by the blind. For visually impaired subjects the instruments are made using full color four-color laser printing on 80gr / mq paper. In this phase of the research, in agreement with the Italian Blind Union of Catania, we began to administer these tools to five blind subjects. The skills related to the use of divergent thinking, in problem solving conditions, facilitate the adaptation to the environment and, therefore, the psychological well-being. The scientific literature inspired by the factorialist tradition based on the indications offered by Guilford (1952), Torrance (1962) and, in Italy, more recently by Antonietti & Pinzigrilli, 2009, underlined the multi-modularity of creativity. The factorial dimensions that constitute divergent production concern a) the ideational fluidity, that is the individual's capacity to produce a high number of ideas starting from a verbal or graphic stimulus; b) the ideational flexibility, or the ability to change mental set from one category to another, different from the previous one, and to free yourself of a succession of ideas to easily move on to other and different "ideational chains"; c) the originality, that is the ability to elaborate and create rare and unusual responses and to produce unique ideas conceived by a reduced number of individuals (Guilford, 1950; Runco, 1991); d) the elaboration, that is the ability to enrich, with sensible details, the ideas produced by the individual, combining, in an original way, the elements that constitute the conceptual structures called into question.The results emerged from our recent empirical research, realized with the paper-pencil test of Williams (De Caroli, 2009), used to evaluate the factors of divergent thinking in the developmental age, allowed us to know that children and preadolescents with typical development (age ranging from 6 to 14) are "more gifted" in the ability to produce a high number of ideas (fluidity) and to change mental set in the ideational production (flexibility) starting from a given stimulus, but "less gifte...

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“…The verbal scales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) are widely used by mainstream vocational assessment services to measure verbal intelligence including that of visually impaired individuals (Reid, 1997;Reid, 2002;Miller and Gustafson, 1998) as no adaptation is required for visually impaired persons (Anastasi, 1988). Elpeleg et al (1994) evaluated cognitive ability in 11 Costeff syndrome patients using the standard Wechsler intelligence scale and found normal or borderline cognitive ability (IQ > 71) in 7 patients, mild retardation (IQ 55-70) in 3, and moderate retardation (IQ 40-54) in one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychological profile of patients with 3‐Methylglutaconic aciduria type III, Costeff syndrome

Sofer

Schweiger

Blumkin

et al. 2015

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Costeff syndrome is a rare genetic neuro-ophthalmological syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy along with a progressive complex motor disorder with elevated levels of urinary 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-methylglutaric acid. While borderline to mild cognitive deficits have been considered to be common in patients with this syndrome, a comprehensive cognitive assessment has never been performed. The aim of the current study was to explore the cognitive profile associated with Costeff syndrome. Sixteen adult patients diagnosed with Costeff syndrome were administered a neuropsychological test battery that was composed of standardized verbal tests adapted for the blind. General intelligence ranged from average to borderline, with a group mean consistent with intact general cognitive functioning (VIQmean = 85, z = -1) in the low-average range of the general population. The auditory immediate and delayed memory indexes were in the average range and were significantly higher than the general cognitive functioning, whereas the working memory index was significantly lower than the general cognitive functioning. Adult patients with Costeff syndrome have intact global cognition and learning abilities and strong auditory memory performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Testing Nonverbal Intelligence of Working-age Visually Impaired Adults: Evaluation of the Adapted Kohs Block Design Test

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Are IQ tests enough to measure intelligence in the blind? Brief review of available and potential methods to estimate intelligence in the blind

Are IQ tests enough to measure intelligence in the blind? Brief review of available and potential methods to estimate intelligence in the blind

Analysis of creative and logical-spatial skills in blind children and adolescents

The Neuropsychological profile of patients with 3‐Methylglutaconic aciduria type III, Costeff syndrome

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