Testing methods and equipment for palletized products

Greco, Albert N.; Renzini, A.; Vaccari, Massimo; Camargo, Felipe Vannucchi de

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/659/1/012087

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Juwet et al 14 investigated the horizontal dynamic effects on a palletized unit with short‐duration (0.3 s) and low‐acceleration events (0.5 and 0.8 g) to evaluate the response of unit loads. In another study, Greco et al 15 used an acceleration sled during the simulation of horizontal testing. Dunno and Ge 13 conducted a field measurement to characterize the horizontal events using a straight delivery box truck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and analysis of low‐acceleration and long‐duration longitudinal events using delivery van

et al. 2022

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This study investigates longitudinal acceleration events during freight transportation characterized as low‐acceleration and long‐duration using delivery van type vehicles. In the past several decades, there has been an increase in shipments requiring only single or small pallet load quantities and mixed palletized unit loads comprised of different goods. These loads are often transported in delivery vans without load securing devices, increasing the risk of product loss and damage due to load failures resulting from unit loads shifting. A field data acquisition system was used to observe and record the random acceleration events from five vehicles for 5 days, explicitly targeting the vehicles' braking and acceleration manoeuvres. The study aimed to understand the physical phenomenon and provide new information that can be used during preshipment tests to prevent damage to goods and ensure unit load integrity is maintained throughout the supply chain. The events were statistically analysed to understand their probability of occurrence, severity level, and quantify critical parameters such as event rise and hold times. For the braking manoeuvre, the statistical mean of average deceleration was 0.25 g with a corresponding rise and hold duration of 0.83 and 1.27 s, respectively. During the vehicle's acceleration manoeuvre, the statistical mean of average acceleration was 0.29 g with a rise and hold time of 1.29 and 1.39 s, respectively. Utilizing the field data, composite profiles were developed, and these profiles were compared to the currently available test procedures and previous results of other studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and analysis of low‐acceleration and long‐duration longitudinal events using delivery van

et al. 2022

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“…The results reported that as the gap increased between the unit load and the vehicle wall, the greater the damage potential 17 . Greco et al 18 utilized an acceleration sled incorporating the same duration and acceleration levels as Juwet et al 17 and was able to compare stretch wrapping patterns and configurations. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) 19 reports performance requirements for cargo securement systems ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 g depending on the direction of travel and cargo capacity but does not specify the duration of these events and provide no guidance for testing or evaluating this criterion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of low‐acceleration, long‐duration horizontal events using a spring suspension straight delivery box truck

Dunno

2021

Packag Technol Sci

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A field measurement study, using a combination of controlled and uncontrolled phases, examined low‐acceleration, long‐duration events occurring during over‐the‐road truck transport. A field data recorder equipped with a DC‐based triaxial accelerometer was employed for this study to capture the steady‐state nature of these event types. The field data recorder was rigidly mounted to the trailer chassis to record lateral and longitudinal events of interest. The controlled phase recorded normal and aggressive braking events and traversing a roundabout to fundamentally quantify the behaviour of the vehicle. For the controlled phase, average decelerations of 0.27 and 0.45 g were reported for normal and aggressive braking events, respectively. Lateral accelerations from traversing a roundabout were on average 0.40 g. The uncontrolled field measurement study, which evaluated the transport vehicle over 13 days, reported average longitudinal decelerations and lateral accelerations of 0.29 and 0.34 g, respectively. The rise times associated with these events were also reported. The jerk was calculated based on the rise times for the controlled and uncontrolled phases and compared to currently available test procedures. For both project phases, composite test profiles were developed based on field‐measured levels. The resulting composite test profiles can be utilized to evaluate the load stability of a unit load system travelling through this distribution channel.

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“…Two additional bands of paper with the same circumference are produced to repeat the test. An increasing horizontal inertia forces test: Bundles are almost always stacked in several layers on a pallet for transport by road and possibly rail. During this transport, inertia forces occur in the direction of travel due to acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle and in the transverse direction due to changes in direction 33–41 . In practice, the accelerations and decelerations almost always remain under 2 m/s 2 and occur with intervals of several minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper as an alternative for collation shrink film

et al. 2022

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Collation shrink film is often used for bundling single packages of consumer goods.Like other plastic films, this type of film is currently under social pressure. Paper could be an environmentally friendly alternative if a suitable type of paper can be applied in such a way that the requirements for manipulation and transport of the bundles are met. In this study, the use of paper for bundling bottles is experimentally investigated. The study focuses on bundles of six PET bottles of 1.5 L containing flat water and sparkling water. Suitability of a paper-based bundling method is evaluated in terms of rigidity of the bundle and in terms of resistance to horizontal inertial forces that inevitably occur during transport. Behaviour of collation shrink film-based bundles is taken as a minimum performance level. The study shows that various paper-based bundling methods can technically qualify as a replacement for collation shrink film and even offer additional benefits. A particular promising concept consists of a band of paper that is stretched around the bottles. It allows lifting the bottles by grasping two caps only, and it beats shrink film regarding resistance to varying horizontal inertia forces. Further research is necessary to optimise the concept and to adopt it for a wider range of products and for industrial use.

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Testing methods and equipment for palletized products

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Measurement and analysis of low‐acceleration and long‐duration longitudinal events using delivery van

Measurement and analysis of low‐acceleration and long‐duration longitudinal events using delivery van

Characterization of low‐acceleration, long‐duration horizontal events using a spring suspension straight delivery box truck

Paper as an alternative for collation shrink film

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