Testing high-performance galvanometer-based optical scanners

Rohr, Bruce E.

doi:10.1117/12.209050

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus the GS technology has advanced [25] in several directions: (i) the mobile elements evolved from coil to magnet actuators with higher positioning speed; (ii) bearings -flexural; (iii) positioning sensors -from electric to optical [29]; (iv) advanced heatsinkers; (v) testing [30]. Although advancements still exist in this respect (especially from the industry), the GS technology has reached an almost standard construction in many features [31].…”

Section: Galvanometer Scanners (Gss): Tehnological Advancementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements on galvanometer scanners for high-end applications

Duma

Rolland

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Galvanometer-based scanners (GSs) are the most utilized devices for lateral scanning. Their applications range from commercial and industrial to biomedical imaging. They are used mostly for 2-D scanning (with typically two GSs), but also for 1-D or 3-D scanning (the latter by example with GSs in combination with Risley prisms). This paper presents an overview of our contributions in the field of GSs with regard to the requirements of their most challenging applications. Specifically, we studied the optimal scanning functions -to produce the maximum possible duty cycleη, and we found that, contrary to what has been stated in the literature, the scanning function that provides the highest η is not linear plus sinusoidal, but linear plus parabolic. The most common GS input signals (i.e., sawtooth, triangular, and sinusoidal) were investigated experimentally to determine the scanning regimes that produce the minimum image artifacts, for example in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The triangular signal was thus shown to be the best from this point of view, and several rules-of-thumb were extracted to make the best of GSs in OCT. We also discuss aspects of the command functions of GSs that are necessary to achieve a trade-off between a performance criteria related to the duty cycle and voltage regimes of the device. We finally review aspects of the control solutions of GSs we investigated, to obtain the highest possible precision or the fastest possible response of the scanner.

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Section: Galvanometer Scanners (Gss): Tehnological Advancementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements on galvanometer scanners for high-end applications

Duma

Rolland

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Numerous advancements were made in the technology of GSs [23][24][25][26][27], as we shall point out in Section 2. While the construction of GSs is now very advanced, our approaches [28] have been focused on the optimal scanning [29][30][31] and command [32,33] functions of these devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical model of a galvanometer-based scanner: simulations and experiments

2013

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The paper presents an insight into our current researches on galvanometer-based scanners (GSs). A brief overview is first performed on the state-of-the-art, as well as on some of our contributions to optimize the scanning and the command functions of this most used scanning device. Considerations on the use of GSs in high-end biomedical imaging applications such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are made, with a focus towards obtaining the best possible duty cycles and artifact-free OCT images when using GSs for lateral scanning, as studied in our previous works. The scope of our present study is to obtain the mathematical model of a GS system (motor and controller included) in order to optimize the command functions of the device and to support the development of some more advanced control structures. The study is centered on the mathematical and experimental modeling of GSs. Thus, the results of an experimental identification made on a classical multi-parameter mathematical model proposed for such a system are presented. The experiments are carried out in different operating regimes, and the specific characteristic parameters of the GS are determined. Using these parameters obtained experimentally, we carry out simulations in Mathlab Simulink to validate the theoretical model. With the indentified model, an extended control solution is proposed. We point out the match between the theory and the results of the simulations and of the testing for different types of input signals, such as triangular, sinusoidal, and sawtooth with different duty cycles.

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“…(1) reflective: with rotational single mirrors -monogons [1,2,6]) or polygonal mirrors (PMs) [5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] -or with oscillatory mirrors (with adjustable scan frequencies -galvanometer-based scanners (GSs) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] or with higher but fixed frequencies -resonant -the latter including MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems);…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser scanners: from industrial to biomedical applications

Duma

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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We present a brief overview of our contributions in the field of laser scanning technologies, applied for a variety of applications, from industrial, dimensional measurements to high-end biomedical imaging, such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Polygon Mirror (PM) scanners are presented, as applied from optical micrometers to laser sources scanned in frequency for Swept Sources (SSs) OCT. Galvanometer-based scanners (GSs) are approached to determine the optimal scanning function in order to obtain the highest possible duty cycle. We demonstrated that this optimal scanning function is linear plus parabolic, and not linear plus sinusoidal, as it has been previously considered in the literature. Risley prisms (rotational double wedges) scanners are pointed out, with our exact approach to determine and simulate their scan patterns in order to optimize their use in several types of applications, including OCT. A discussion on the perspectives of scanning in biomedical imaging, with a focus on OCT concludes the study.

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Testing high-performance galvanometer-based optical scanners

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Advancements on galvanometer scanners for high-end applications

Advancements on galvanometer scanners for high-end applications

Mathematical model of a galvanometer-based scanner: simulations and experiments

Laser scanners: from industrial to biomedical applications

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