Testing for the Effects and Consequences of Mid Paleogene Climate Change on Insect Herbivory

Wappler, Torsten; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Rust, Jes; Frankenhäuser, Herbert; Wilde, Volker

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040744

Cited by 62 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Long-term projects with multiple colleagues were initiated to examine diverse preangiospermous, gymnosperm-dominated floras (Labandeira 2006;Ding et al 2014). Current preliminary studies of Mesozoic herbivory use a similar methodology as those for the early Permian (Labandeira and Allen 2007;Schachat et al 2014), the CretaceousPaleogene (K-Pg) boundary Wilf et al 2006), and the mid-Paleogene climate events (Wilf et al 2005;Wappler et al 2012;Currano et al 2009). In addition, studies of mid-Mesozoic pollination have centered principally on the preangiospermous mid-Mesozoic (Ren et al 2009;Labandeira 2010;Peñalver et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Did Terrestrial Insect Diversity Not Increase During the Angiosperm Radiation? Mid-Mesozoic, Plant-Associated Insect Lineages Harbor Clues

Labandeira

2014

Evolutionary Biology: Genome Evolution, Speciation, Coevolution and Origin of Life

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Several studies provided evidence that family-level insect diversity remained flat throughout the initial mid-Cretaceous angiosperm radiation 125-90 million years ago. As this result has engendered considerable commentary, a reanalysis was done of a new dataset of 280 plant-associated insect families spanning the 174 million year interval of the Jurassic-Paleogene periods from 201 to 23 million years ago. Lineage geochronologic ranges were determined, and feeding attributes were characterized by: (i) dominant feeding guild (herbivore, pollinator, herbivore-pollinator, pollinator-mimic, xylophage); (ii) membership in one of eight functional feeding groups; and (iii) dominant plant host or host transition (cryptogam/fern only, cryptogam/fern ? angiosperm, gymnosperm only, gymnosperm ? angiosperm, angiosperm only). A time-series plot of insect lineages and their dominant plant-host affiliations resulted in four conclusions. First, insect lineages with dominant gymnosperm hosts reached a level of 95 families in the 35 million years preceding the initial angiosperm radiation. Second, earlier insect lineages with gymnosperm ? angiosperm host transitions and newly originated insect lineages that developed dominant associations with emerging angiosperms rapidly diversified during the angiosperm radiation, later establishing a plateau of 110 families during a 20 million year interval after the initial angiosperm radiation. Third, these two diversity maxima were separated during the angiosperm radiation by a diversity minimum, the Aptian-Albian gap, indicating major turnover and time-lag effects associated with the extirpation and

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Did Terrestrial Insect Diversity Not Increase During the Angiosperm Radiation? Mid-Mesozoic, Plant-Associated Insect Lineages Harbor Clues

Labandeira

2014

Evolutionary Biology: Genome Evolution, Speciation, Coevolution and Origin of Life

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“…This vital feature of pollination biology is as true in the distant past as it is for the modern world. Given this context, we have identified pollen found on the bodies of eleven individuals from six bee species of the tribe Electrapini from the floristically and entomologically well-known Eckfeld and Messel sites, of middle Eocene age in west-central Germany [5-7] (Fig. S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized and Generalized Pollen-Collection Strategies in an Ancient Bee Lineage

et al. 2015

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Iconic examples of insect pollination have emphasized narrowly specialized pollinator mutualisms such as figs and fig wasps and yuccas and yucca moths. However, recent attention by pollination ecologists has focused on the broad spectra of pollinated plants by generalist pollinators such as bees. Bees have great impact for formulating hypotheses regarding specialization versus generalization in pollination mutualisms. We report the pollination biology of six northern European species of an extinct tribe of pollen-basket-bearing apine bees, Electrapini, of early-middle Eocene age, examined from two deposits of 48 and 44 million years in age. These bees exhibit a pattern of generalized, incidental pollen occurring randomly on their heads, thoraces, and abdomens, obtained from diverse, nectar-bearing plants. By contrast, a more restricted suite of pollen was acquired for metatibial pollen baskets (corbiculae) of the same bee taxa from a taxonomically much narrower suite of arborescent, evergreen hosts with uniform flower structure. The stereotyped plant sources of the specialist strategy of pollen collection consisted of pentamerous, radially symmetrical flowers with a conspicuous gynoecium surrounded by prominent nectar reward, organized in structurally similar compound inflorescences. Pollen specialization in bees occurs not for efficient pollination but rather in the corbiculate Electrapini as food for bee larvae (brood) and involves packing corbiculae with moistened pollen that rapidly loses viability with age. This specialist strategy was a well-developed preference by the early Eocene, providing a geochronologic midpoint assessment of bee pollen-collection strategies.

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“…The temperature requirements of dermestids did not conflict with the interpretations of Middle Eocene climatic conditions in the Eifel region based on the macrobotanical record. Grein et al (2011) andWappler et al (2012) concluded that during middle Eocene climate at the Central European locality the mean annual temperature was in the order of above 20°C, probably around 22°C. The summers were rather hot with temperatures of the warmest month between 24.7°C and 27.9°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new genus and species of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) from the Eckfeld Maar crater (Middle Eocene, Germany)

Háva¹,

Wappler²

2013

Bull. Geosci.

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Eckfeldattagenus eocenicus gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Middle Eocene Eckfeld Maar (Germany) on the basis of completely preserved specimens, representing one of the rare reports of fossil skin beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Attageninae). The new genus and species differs from all other Dermestidae by the very flat body form and pronotum, and its unique structure of the antennal club and the wrinkled elytral surface. Dermestidae commonly referred to as skin, larder and carpet beetles are characterized by a variety of ecological habits and a fascinating biology. Most genera are scavengers that feed on dry animal or plant material such as skin or pollen, animal hair, feathers, dead insects or natural fibers. They are even widely used to clean bones during the preparation of skeletons for osteological studies and forensic entomological. In the literature, the traces left on skeletal remains by the family Dermestidae have been documented for dinosaurs (Paik 2000, Roberts et al. 2007, Britt et al. 2008, Chin & Bishop 2008, Bader et al. 2009 The cosmopolitan beetle family Dermestidae comprises more than 1460 described species (Háva 2003(Háva , 2013. According to a cladistic-based analysis of higher categories within the family Dermestidae (Lawrence & Slipinski 2005, Kiselyova & McHugh 2006, six subfamilies could be recognized: Dermestinae (including Marioutinae), Thorictinae, Trinodinae (including Thylodriadinae), Orphilinae, Attageninae and Megatominae; whereas only members of the Thorictinae are yet unknown from the fossil record. The geological history of the family was summarized by Háva & Prokop (2004) and Kirejtshuk et al. (2009), with new information appended in the present contribution (appendix). The earliest fossils assigned tentatively to Dermestidae are isolated elytra from the Triassic deposits of Queensland, described by Dunstan (1923), but the assignment of these fossils was doubted by Háva & Prokop (2004). The first definitive remains of the family have been recorded from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Kirejtshuk et al. 2009). However, the majority of fossil dermestids were described from inclusions in Baltic (40-35 Ma BP) and Dominican Amber (20-17 Ma BP) -most of these are representing relatively modern groups, thereby relating more to questions of Tertiary biogeography than to higher-level branching patterns (Kiselyova & McHugh 2006).Herein we provide the description of a new Paleogene dermestid beetle from the Middle Eocene Eckfeld Maar. This deposit has produced a broad spectrum of fossils ranging from organic molecules, micro-organisms, aquatic invertebrates, plants and insects and their varied associations, to a wide range of vertebrates including articulated mammals exhibiting soft tissue preservation and gut contents (e.g., Lutz et al. 2010). The new species belongs to the Attageninae of the Dermestidae and is placed in a new genus most probably closely related to the extant genus Attagenus Latreille, 1802. Material and methodsThe Fossillagerstätte of Eckfeld is a deposit of...

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Testing for the Effects and Consequences of Mid Paleogene Climate Change on Insect Herbivory

Cited by 62 publications

References 90 publications

Why Did Terrestrial Insect Diversity Not Increase During the Angiosperm Radiation? Mid-Mesozoic, Plant-Associated Insect Lineages Harbor Clues

Why Did Terrestrial Insect Diversity Not Increase During the Angiosperm Radiation? Mid-Mesozoic, Plant-Associated Insect Lineages Harbor Clues

Specialized and Generalized Pollen-Collection Strategies in an Ancient Bee Lineage

A new genus and species of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) from the Eckfeld Maar crater (Middle Eocene, Germany)

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