Fossil energy is a bulk commodity that human beings rely on for survival and plays a pivotal role in a country's production, consumption, trade, and economic security.This paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism of international coal price on four aspects: economic growth, price level, consumer and investor expectations, and employment level; then constructs the FAVAR model based on 30 major economic indicators in China from 2001 to 2022 and uses impulse response to measure the direction and degree of response of each variable in the face of the international coal price shock, and finally uses variance Finally, the variance decomposition is used to analyze the contribution and association of the responses among the variables.The main conclusions of this paper include: (1) The rise of international coal prices will cause generalized inflation in China's economy, and compared with the CPI, the response generated by the PPI is more pronounced, but the CPI is more profoundly affected. (2) The international coal price shock will produce a particular blow to investment and consumption expectations, but through economic warming, investment levels and consumption expectations will be restored. (3) The rise in international coal prices will reduce the preexisting level of unemployment. Although the rise in international coal prices makes the production costs of energy-intensive industries increase, which will reduce the number of jobs in the industry, it also increases the number of jobs in more energy-saving, emission reduction, and energy consulting services, so the overall level of the unemployment rate has decreased. (4) The rise in international coal prices has not reduced the economy's original output level and has had a relatively small impact on economic growth. Accordingly, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions such as stabilizing market expectations and exploring green financial models.