Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

Colin, Sean P.; Dam, Hans G.

doi:10.1007/s10682-004-2369-3

Cited by 80 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that the population of T. longicornis tested in our experiments were resistant to A. fundyense toxins owing to their co-occurrence in the Gulf of Maine. Populations of the copepod Acartia hudsonica from regions exposed to Alexandrium blooms are resistant to adverse effects [32] and can even exhibit enhanced physiological effects such as increased ingestion rate [25] and increased egg production rate [47] when fed A. fundyense versus non-toxic diets. Furthermore, the addition of saxitoxins to a palatable alga diet have even been shown to stimulate feeding in amphipod grazers [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intoxicated copepods: ingesting toxic phytoplankton leads to risky behaviour

et al. 2016

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Understanding interactions between harmful algal bloom (HAB) species and their grazers is essential for determining mechanisms of bloom proliferation and termination. We exposed the common calanoid copepod, Temora longicornis to the HAB species Alexandrium fundyense and examined effects on copepod survival, ingestion, egg production and swimming behaviour. A. fundyense was readily ingested by T. longicornis and significantly altered copepod swimming behaviour without affecting copepod survival or fitness. A. fundyense caused T. longicornis to increase their swimming speed, and the straightness of their path long after the copepods had been removed from the A. fundyense treatment. Models suggest that these changes could lead to a 25-56% increase in encounter frequency between copepods and their predators. This work highlights the need to determine how ingesting HAB species alters grazer behaviour as this can have significant impacts on the fate of HAB toxins in marine systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intoxicated copepods: ingesting toxic phytoplankton leads to risky behaviour

et al. 2016

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“…Rapid evolution of resistance may shape the interactions between zooplankton and toxic algae. Grazer populations that have experienced recurrent HABs can evolve local adaptations to toxic algae (Hairston et al 1999, Colin & Dam 2004). An artificial selection experiment showed that copepods evolved resistance to toxic algae over only 2 to 5 generations (Colin & Dam 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grazer populations that have experienced recurrent HABs can evolve local adaptations to toxic algae (Hairston et al 1999, Colin & Dam 2004). An artificial selection experiment showed that copepods evolved resistance to toxic algae over only 2 to 5 generations (Colin & Dam 2004). The rapid evolution of resistance may be an important feedback mechanism to minimize the potential deleterious effects of toxic algae on zooplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These complex and inconsistent interactions are partly due to the wide variety of phycotoxins associated with > 200 algal species from 20 genera (Landsberg 2002), substantial changes in toxicity levels of a single algal clone with culture age and nutrients (Granéli & Flynn 2006), and variations of grazers in terms of feeding patterns, binding sites of toxins, and structures of nervous systems (Turner & Tester 1997). Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution of resistance to harmful algae can significantly shape the interactions between algae and herbivores (Hairston et al 1999, Colin & Dam 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deleterious consequences of a red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides for the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa

Jiang¹,

Tang²,

Lonsdale³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Genetic subpopulations of A. tonsa have been identified in the GOM and along the US Atlantic coast (Caudill & Bucklin 2004, Chen & Hare 2008. Resistance to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense has been documented for historically exposed populations of the congeneric copepod Acartia hudsonica from Maine and has been induced in naïve populations from the waters off New Jersey (Colin & Dam 2004, Avery & Dam 2007. Given this information, it is highly likely that A. tonsa populations in the GOM may be better evolved to tolerate toxic K. brevis than those in the US SAB.…”

Section: Grazing On Karenia Brevismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control

Waggett¹,

Hardison²,

Tester³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zooplankton grazers are capable of influencing food-web dynamics by exerting topdown control over phytoplankton prey populations. Certain toxic or unpalatable algal species have evolved mechanisms to disrupt grazer control, thereby facilitating the formation of massive, monospecific blooms. The harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis has been associated with lethal and sublethal effects on zooplankton that may offer both direct and indirect support of bloom formation and maintenance. Reductions in copepod grazing on K. brevis have been attributed to acute physiological incapacitation and nutritional inadequacy. To evaluate the potential toxicity or nutritional inadequacy of K. brevis, food removal and egg production experiments were conducted using the copepod Acartia tonsa and K. brevis strains CCMP 2228, Wilson, and SP-1, characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as having high, low, and no brevetoxin levels, respectively. Variable grazing rates were found in experiments involving mixtures of toxic CCMP 2228 and Wilson strains. However, in experiments with toxic CCMP 2228 and non-toxic SP-1 strains, A. tonsa grazed SP-1 at significantly higher rates than the toxic alternative. Additionally, A. tonsa experienced significantly greater mortality when exposed to toxic K. brevis strains, particularly after prolonged exposure. Egg production rates of copepods fed toxic K. brevis strains were similar to those of starved copepods, while those of copepods fed non-toxic SP-1 and the nutritious Rhodomonas salina were significantly higher. Analysis indicates that K. brevis impacts grazer populations via multiple synergistic mechanisms: (1) decreased ingestion rates, (2) decreased egg production, and (3) increased mortality of copepods through a combination of toxicity and nutritional inadequacy.

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Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Intoxicated copepods: ingesting toxic phytoplankton leads to risky behaviour

Intoxicated copepods: ingesting toxic phytoplankton leads to risky behaviour

Deleterious consequences of a red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides for the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa

Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control

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