Testing for population differences in evolutionary responses to pesticide pollution in brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>)

Nusbaumer, David; Cunha, Lucas Marques da; Wedekind, Claus

doi:10.1111/eva.13132

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Parental effects on embryo and larval performance have been repeatedly analyzed in other salmonids, usually based on fullfactorial breeding experiments with sufficient replication on the maternal and the paternal sides and large numbers of embryos that were often singly reared as in the present study (recent examples include Clark et al, 2016;Forest et al, 2016;Marques da Cunha et al, 2019;Nusbaumer et al, 2021c). Such experiments allow separating and quantifying the variance components and hence testing, for example, for the evolutionary potential of natural populations to adapt to changing environments (Lynch and Walsh, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, eggs were rinsed for 30 s under cold running tap water (4 L/min) in a sterilized tea strainer before being distributed singly in 24 well plates (Falcon, BD Biosciences, Allschwil, Switzerland) filled with 1.8 mL of autoclaved standardized water (OECD, 1992), and incubated at 4.5 • C in a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle (to simplify monitoring and minimize variation of light conditions) until 14 days post-hatching as in von Siebenthal et al (2009). Under these environmental conditions, embryo mortality until hatching is typically < 3% in similar-sized eggs of brown trout (Nusbaumer et al, 2021c). We considered a short rinsing of the eggs necessary because we had previously observed that not rinsing eggs before incubation in 24-well plates can lead to very high embryo mortalities (Wedekind, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Monitoring Of Embryos and Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-Specific Stress Tolerance in Embryos of Lake Char (Salvelinus umbla)

et al. 2021

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Salmonid fish have become important models in evolution and ecology, but possible effects of embryo or larval sex are mostly ignored, probably because morphological gonad formation starts only months after hatching and sexual maturation years later. However, recent gene expression studies and first observations in domestic strains suggest that sex-specific life histories could already start at an embryonic stage. Here we test this hypothesis in embryos and larvae of lake char (Salvelinus umbla). We sampled wild char and used their gametes to produce embryos of 40 different families. Embryos were raised singly in a stress or a non-stress environment until a late larval stage (stress was induced by allowing remainders of ovarian fluids to support microbial growth). Genetic markers were then used to sex the fish and reconstruct paternity (N = 1,463, including dead embryos). Primary sex ratio did not differ among families and was about 1:1. Female embryos hatched on average later and showed lower stress tolerance than male embryos. There were significant parental effects on offspring growth and mortality, but the sex differences in embryo performance were not family specific. We conclude that the sexes differ in their life history and susceptibilities to environmental stress already at embryonic stages. Environmental stress during incubation can therefore affect population sex ratio and hence population growth and genetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Of Embryos and Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Stress Tolerance in Embryos of Lake Char (Salvelinus umbla)

et al. 2021

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“…Concentrations as low as 1.1 µg/L of S‐metolachlor increased mortality and slowed juvenile growth in marbled crayfish ( Procambarus virginalis ; Velisek et al, 2019). Also, Nusbaumer et al (2021) found reduced growth rates in newly hatched brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) exposed to 0.07 and 0.25 µg/L of S‐metolachlor. Surprisingly, little is known about the effects of metolachlor at sublethal concentrations in amphibians (but see Hayes et al, 2006; Relyea, 2009; Spolyarich et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor and Pond Drying on Growth and Development of Wood Frog Tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus)

Laporte

Garant

Bergeron

2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Pesticides and climate change are both thought to contribute to the global amphibian decline, yet their combined effects are still poorly understood. Metolachlor is a widespread herbicide applied across North America, but little is known about its effects on amphibians. We used a replicated mesocosm experimental design with different levels of drying (i.e., no drying and medium and rapid drying) and metolachlor concentrations (0, 0.8, 8, and 80 µg/L) to assess their respective and combined effects on wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) larvae throughout metamorphosis. Metolachlor had no significant effect on survival and development of tadpoles. However, metolachlor significantly interacted with drying levels to reduce the growth of tadpoles, which was mainly due to a difference detected among metolachlor concentrations under the rapid drying treatment. Drying also directly reduced growth and body mass at metamorphosis. Our results suggest that environmental stressors, such as drying, should be considered in toxicological experiments to provide relevant exposure conditions to pesticides for ephemeral pond species in the context of global climate change. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1772–1781. © 2023 SETAC

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“…This allows for full-factorial treatments and testing for interesting 2-way or 3-way interactions between parental and environmental factors. Full-factorial crosses can also be used to disentangle the different variance components that contribute to important commercial traits (Colihueque, 2010; Ødegård et al, 2011) and they give insights into, for example, the potential of ‘good-genes’ sexual selection (Wedekind et al, 2008, 2001), the evolutionary potential of populations to react to chemical pollutants (Marques da Cunha et al, 2019; Nusbaumer et al, 2021b), pollution by nanoparticles (Clark et al, 2016; Yaripour et al, 2021), reactions to climate change (Muñoz et al, 2015), or to pathogens (Ødegård et al, 2011). Pathogens might influence hatching time, survival and growth of embryos (Pompini et al, 2013; von Siebenthal et al, 2009; Wilkins et al, 2017), and maternal environmental effects (egg size and content, including various carotenoids) might affect embryonic tolerance (Wilkins et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of brown trout in the wild predicted by embryo stress reaction in the laboratory

Bylemans

Cunha

Wilkins

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Laboratory studies on embryos of salmonids, such as the brown trout (Salmo trutta), have been used extensively to study factors influencing offspring performance. These studies are based on the implicit assumption that early life-history traits are relevant for growth and survival in the wild. Here we tested this assumption. We used gametes of wild-caught brown trout to perform a block-wise full-factorial breeding experiment, with some of the resulting offspring we carried out controlled laboratory experiments, and released the remaining offspring into a natural streamlet. We recaptured 0+ juveniles after their first summer in the wild and used microsatellite and sex-linked markers to determine sex-specific growth and survival for each of the 60 experimental families. We also recorded mean egg size and carotenoid content per female to evaluate their importance for juvenile growth and survival. We found strong correlations between laboratory performance and growth, but not survival, of 0+ juveniles in the wild. Egg size positively influenced juvenile growth. We also found that male juveniles grew faster than females. Juvenile survival seemed not influenced by egg size, but we observed a significant male-biased survival for eggs with a high zeaxanthin content (a carotenoid). This first observation suggests that female reproductive strategies can have sex-specific effects that need to be better understood. We conclude that embryo performance in controlled environments (laboratory or hatchery) can be useful predictors of offspring growth in a natural setting.

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Testing for population differences in evolutionary responses to pesticide pollution in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 9 publications

References 97 publications

Sex-Specific Stress Tolerance in Embryos of Lake Char (Salvelinus umbla)

Sex-Specific Stress Tolerance in Embryos of Lake Char (Salvelinus umbla)

Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor and Pond Drying on Growth and Development of Wood Frog Tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus)

Growth of brown trout in the wild predicted by embryo stress reaction in the laboratory

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