“…This allows for full-factorial treatments and testing for interesting 2-way or 3-way interactions between parental and environmental factors. Full-factorial crosses can also be used to disentangle the different variance components that contribute to important commercial traits (Colihueque, 2010; Ødegård et al, 2011) and they give insights into, for example, the potential of ‘good-genes’ sexual selection (Wedekind et al, 2008, 2001), the evolutionary potential of populations to react to chemical pollutants (Marques da Cunha et al, 2019; Nusbaumer et al, 2021b), pollution by nanoparticles (Clark et al, 2016; Yaripour et al, 2021), reactions to climate change (Muñoz et al, 2015), or to pathogens (Ødegård et al, 2011). Pathogens might influence hatching time, survival and growth of embryos (Pompini et al, 2013; von Siebenthal et al, 2009; Wilkins et al, 2017), and maternal environmental effects (egg size and content, including various carotenoids) might affect embryonic tolerance (Wilkins et al, 2017).…”