Testing For Independence of Observations in Animal Movements

Swihart, Robert K.; Slade, Norman A.

doi:10.2307/1939170

Cited by 677 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…To avoid autocorrelation between locations these must be spaced in time so that an individual can travel from one edge of its home range to the other (Swihart & Slade 1985). In our study, this interval was established by eagle M43, who traveled the greatest distance from its nest.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Use of Adult Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti

Fernández¹,

Oria²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2009

Acta Ornithologica

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Abstract.The ranges and space use of eight radio-tracked Spanish Imperial Eagles are described. The annual mean range was 25 146 ha during the breeding season (BS) and 20 557 ha in the non-breeding season (NBS). The eagles were found up to 35.9 km away from their nest during BS and nearly 62 km away during NBS. The maximum total distance covered in one day was 113.6 km, with males flying longer distances than females during BS. There was less overlap between ranges during BS, and the mean home range varied from 3881 ha in BS to 2085 ha in NBS. The areas where territorial behaviour (display flights, defence and/or aggression) was observed contained the nest-tree, the most frequently used perches, and the feeding ground nearest to the nest. Breeding home ranges were negatively correlated with densities of Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus. Breeding eagles whose home range had low rabbit densities travelled 16.2-28.9 km from their nest to reach distant, undefended feeding grounds with much higher rabbit densities. Our results suggest that home ranges varied with prey density and a bird's reproductive status. Larger breeding ranges are probably related to an increase in energy requirements, while habitat quality is probably a regulatory mechanism of space use. In terms of home range analysis methodology, our observations of eagle behaviour favour Cluster Analysis over Kernel, particularly for defining distant feeding grounds.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Use of Adult Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti

Fernández¹,

Oria²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2009

Acta Ornithologica

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“…Therefore, a 75% fixed kernel estimator (FKE) [20] was used to calculate the core areas of the alligators. To control for autocorrelation among consecutive observations [21], one location per day for each alligator was used in the calculation. A pairedsample t-test was used to compare the home-range sizes of the two alligators in the different seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing reintroduction as a conservation strategy for the critically endangered Chinese alligator: Movements and home range of released captive individuals

et al. 2011

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The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is considered the most critically endangered crocodilian as a result of the near total loss of its habitat and its extremely small and fragmented wild populations. Plans for population recovery lie mostly with wetland restoration and the reintroduction of captive-reared animals. We carried out a first-trial release of 3 adult Chinese alligators (1♂, 2♀) into a pond at the Hongxing conservation site, Xuancheng, southern Anhui Province; the animals were radio-tracked from May to October in 2003. We hypothesized that after a period of adaptation, the alligators would establish definable home ranges. Two (1♂, 1♀) of the 3 alligators were monitored for the whole of the tracking period. The male had an annual home-range size of 7.61 hm 2 , and the female 4.00 hm 2 . Water temperature and pond water level were two important factors influencing the alligators' distributions, and daily movements. The radio-tracked alligators had overlapping home ranges, which notably included the one substantial island in the pond; that island is the only known nesting site of the local native wild alligators. Aggressive interactions between the released alligators and native wild alligators were observed during the breeding season around this island. All the three reintroduced alligators survived the winter of 2003 and were alive in the same pond in 2008. We concluded that the Hongxing conservation site provided a suitable habitat for the reintroduced alligators. However, the low water level in the pond resulting from farmland irrigation in August and September can be a substantial threat to the alligators' survival. Therefore, regulations on irrigation in summer and autumn are needed to balance the water needs of the alligators and agriculture.

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“…We based the MCP's on all pooled relocation data, including both data recorded during spatial data collection and opportunistic sightings recorded while following other study animals or moving around the study area for logistic reasons. We used MCP's to characterize home range size because they are relatively robust to possible temporal autocorrelation among data (Swihart and Slade, 1985). We calculated home range sizes using Hawth's Tools (http://www.spatialecology.com/htools).…”

Section: Quantification Of Sex Specific Space Use and Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and endocrine correlates to the aardwolf mating system

et al. 2015

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It is now widely recognized that mating systems contain both social and genetic components, where social components describe patterns of social associations while genetic components reflect patterns of mating activities. In many species these two components do not coincide. If the level of sexual asymmetry differs between these two components, for instance in monogamous pairs with high levels of infidelity, each component may impose different selection pressures on behavioural and physiological characteristics. However, we have limited knowledge of how social and genetic components influence behaviour and physiology. The aardwolf (Proteles cristata) is a small insectivorous hyaenid, which has been described as socially monogamous but sexually promiscuous. In this study, we evaluated if aardwolf space use, scent marking, foraging behaviour and endocrine fluctuations relate to predictions from social monogamy or polygamous mating. Our results did not show sex differences in behaviour or physiology that would be consistent with predictions from polygamous mating, and we suggest that social mate associations may regulate the observed endocrine and behavioural parameters more than actual mating patterns in this species. Such an interpretation would suggest that the fitness effect of promiscuous mating may be low, since it appears to impose little selection pressure on mating related behaviour. We stress that it is then unclear how promiscuous mating is maintained in this socially monogamous species.

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Testing For Independence of Observations in Animal Movements

Cited by 677 publications

References 27 publications

Space Use of Adult Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti

Space Use of Adult Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti

Testing reintroduction as a conservation strategy for the critically endangered Chinese alligator: Movements and home range of released captive individuals

Behavioural and endocrine correlates to the aardwolf mating system

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