Testing for Ancient Adaptive Radiations in Neotropical Cichlid Fishes

López‐Fernández, Hernán; Arbour, Jessica H.; Winemiller, Kirk O.; Honeycutt, Rodney L.

doi:10.1111/evo.12038

Cited by 107 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…1A and C). Among these five clades, gobies, blennies, and Afro-American cichlids have been proposed to contain unusually high species diversity (2,26,27); however, exceptional lineage diversification rates have never been detected in tunas (Scombriformes) and snailfishes (Liparidae).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes

Near

Dornburg

Eytan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

441

555

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Spiny-rayed fishes, or acanthomorphs, comprise nearly one-third of all living vertebrates. Despite their dominant role in aquatic ecosystems, the evolutionary history and tempo of acanthomorph diversification is poorly understood. We investigate the pattern of lineage diversification in acanthomorphs by using a well-resolved time-calibrated phylogeny inferred from a nuclear gene supermatrix that includes 520 acanthomorph species and 37 fossil age constraints. This phylogeny provides resolution for what has been classically referred to as the "bush at the top" of the teleost tree, and indicates acanthomorphs originated in the Early Cretaceous. Paleontological evidence suggests acanthomorphs exhibit a pulse of morphological diversification following the end Cretaceous mass extinction; however, the role of this event on the accumulation of living acanthomorph diversity remains unclear. Lineage diversification rates through time exhibit no shifts associated with the end Cretaceous mass extinction, but there is a global decrease in lineage diversification rates 50 Ma that occurs during a period when morphological disparity among fossil acanthomorphs increases sharply. Analysis of clade-specific shifts in diversification rates reveal that the hyperdiversity of living acanthomorphs is highlighted by several rapidly radiating lineages including tunas, gobies, blennies, snailfishes, and Afro-American cichlids. These lineages with high diversification rates are not associated with a single habitat type, such as coral reefs, indicating there is no single explanation for the success of acanthomorphs, as exceptional bouts of diversification have occurred across a wide array of marine and freshwater habitats.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes

Near

Dornburg

Eytan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

441

555

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“…Geophagini is the most species-rich and morphologically diverse tribe of Neotropical cichlids, with 240 described species (species counts from 'fishbase.org') as well as numerous undescribed species [15,16]. Originating during the Cretaceous, this tribe has become widely distributed across South America and encompasses important ecological roles within many Neotropical aquatic communities [15][16][17][18]. Geophagini is composed of two sister clades with unequal species richness and ecological diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophagini thus provides an excellent opportunity to examine the relationship between morphological/ecological diversity and adaptive evolution. However, previous analyses have relied on traditional linear morphometrics [18,20] and quantifying 'trait-utility' [23] from such metrics is not straightforward. Functional morphological traits, on the other hand, are more closely associated with performance capability and therefore changes in these traits are more likely to reflect ecological characteristics [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological variation in South American geophagine cichlids arose during an early burst of adaptive morphological and functional evolution

Arbour

López‐Fernández

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Diversity and disparity are unequally distributed both phylogenetically and geographically. This uneven distribution may be owing to differences in diversification rates between clades resulting from processes such as adaptive radiation. We examined the rate and distribution of evolution in feeding biomechanics in the extremely diverse and continentally distributed South American geophagine cichlids. Evolutionary patterns in multivariate functional morphospace were examined using a phylomorphospace approach, disparity-through-time analyses and by comparing Brownian motion (BM) and adaptive peak evolutionary models using maximum likelihood. The most species-rich and functionally disparate clade (CAS) expanded more efficiently in morphospace and evolved more rapidly compared with both BM expectations and its sister clade (GGD). Members of the CAS clade also exhibited an early burst in functional evolution that corresponds to the development of modern ecological roles and may have been related to the colonization of a novel adaptive peak characterized by fast oral jaw mechanics. Furthermore, reduced ecological opportunity following this early burst may have restricted functional evolution in the GGD clade, which is less species-rich and more ecologically specialized. Patterns of evolution in ecologically important functional traits are consistent with a pattern of adaptive radiation within the most diverse clade of Geophagini.

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“…Near et al, 2012;Betancur-R. et al, 2013), have increased interest in their evolutionary innovations and homologies. Moreover, due to their high evolutionary and ecological diversification rates (López-Fernández et al, 2013;Astudillo-Clavijo et al, 2015;Seehausen, 2015) cichlids are useful models to study ecomorphological diversification mechanisms (Winemiller et al, 1995;Burress, 2015). Among Neotropical cichlids the Geophagini is the most diversified clade, not only in species number but also in morphology, ecology, and behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes)

et al. 2016

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We describe a new species of a substrate-brooding Gymnogeophagus, based on coloration characters. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining substrate-brooding species in the genus by the unique pigmentation of the dorsal fin which consists of light blue, diagonal stripes over a red background in the spiny section and a combination of round, elliptic, and elongated bright blue spots over a red background in the soft section. It can be further distinguished from all other species of Gymnogeophagus by the following combination of characters: a discontinuous bright blue band above the upper lateral line in the humeral area, light blue roundish spots over a red to orange background on the anal fin, and conspicuous bright blue horizontal bands on body. The new species inhabits a wide range of freshwater habitats in the lower rio Uruguay basin, Rio de la Plata coastal drainages and Atlantic Ocean coastal drainages in Uruguay.Describimos una nueva especie de Gymnogeophagus con incubación de sustrato, en base a caracteres cromáticos. La nueva especie puede ser diferenciada de las restantes especies del género por la exclusiva pigmentación de la aleta dorsal, la que consiste de bandas oblicuas de color celeste sobre fondo rojo en la porción espinosa y una combinación de manchas redondas, elípticas, o alargadas azul brillantes sobre fondo rojo en la porción blanda. Además puede ser distinguida de las otras especies de Gymnogeophagus por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: banda horizontal azul iridiscente situada por encima de la línea lateral superior discontinua en la región humeral, manchas azules brillantes redondeadas sobre fondo rojo anaranjado en la aleta anal, bandas horizontales azul brillante en el cuerpo conspicuas. La nueva especie habita una amplia gama de hábitats de agua dulce en el sector inferior de la cuenca del río Uruguay, los drenajes costeros del Río de la Plata y drenajes costeros del Océano Atlántico en Uruguay.

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Testing for Ancient Adaptive Radiations in Neotropical Cichlid Fishes

Cited by 107 publications

References 79 publications

Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes

Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes

Ecological variation in South American geophagine cichlids arose during an early burst of adaptive morphological and functional evolution

A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes)

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