Testing common sediment–porewater distribution models for their ability to predict dissolved concentrations of POPs in The Grenlandsfjords, Norway

Persson, N. Johan; Bucheli, Thomas D.; Gustafsson, Örjan; Broman, Dag; Næs, Kristoffer; Ishaq, Rasha; Zebühr, Yngve

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.040

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, the hydrophobic PCBs in sediment tend to re-suspend from sedimentary phase to the pore water (Zhang et al 2003) which may be the case for the present study. Studies on sediment pore water distribution models of POPs have also confirmed higher POP concentrations in pore water than in water (Perssona et al 2005 …”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Sediment Pore Watermentioning

confidence: 87%

Occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediment pore water and surface sediments of Umgeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Gakuba

Moodley

Ndungu

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The Umgeni River is one of the main sources of water in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; however; there is currently a lack of information on the presence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in its sediment, sediment pore water and surface water. This study aims to determine the occurrence and significance of selected PCBs in the surface water, sediment pore water and surface sediment samples from the Umgeni River. Liquid-liquid and soxhlet extractions were used for water or pore water, and sediments, respectively. Extracts were cleaned up using a florisil column and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of eight polychlorinated biphenyls were 6.91-21.69 ng/mL, 40.67-252.30 ng/mL and 102.60-427.80 ng/g (dry weight), in unfiltered surface water, unfiltered sediment pore water and surface sediments, respectively. The percentage contributions of various matrices were 4, 36 and 60 % for unfiltered surface water, unfiltered pore water and sediment, respectively. The highest concentrations of PCBs were found in water, pore water and sediment collected from sampling sites close to the Northern Wastewater Treatment Works. The highest chlorinated biphenyl, PCB 180, was the most abundant at almost all sampling sites. To our knowledge, this is the first report on occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Umgeni River water, pore water and sediment system and our results provide valuable information regarding the partitioning of the PCBs between the water and sediment systems as well as the organic chemical quality of the water.

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Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Sediment Pore Watermentioning

confidence: 87%

Occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediment pore water and surface sediments of Umgeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Gakuba

Moodley

Ndungu

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The most potent PCDD congener to rainbow trout is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dienzop-dioxin (TCDD) with an LD 50 value as low as 230 pg/kg egg (Walker and Peterson 1991). Persson et al (2005) found 0.11 μg 2,3,7,8-TCDD/kg sediment in the Polluted Fjord, which corresponds to 6.6 ng/kg egg in the highest dose. Although the sum PCDD/Fs concentration in the Polluted Fjord adds up to 7,000 μg/kg sediment, the major part is represented by less potent PCDD/Fs congeners (Walker and Peterson 1991;Tanguay et al 2003), suggesting that other compounds than those analyzed induces the toxicopathic responses in rainbow trout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hazard identification of contaminated sites—ranking potential toxicity of organic sediment extracts in crustacean and fish

et al. 2008

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Background, aim, and scope It is well known that contaminated sediments represent a potential long-term source of pollutants to the aquatic environment. To protect human and ecosystem health, it is becoming common to remediate contaminated sites. However, the great cost associated with, e.g., dredging in combination with the large numbers of contaminated sites makes it crucial to pinpoint those sites that are in greatest need of remediation. In most European countries, this prioritization process has almost exclusively been based on chemical analyses of known substances; only seldom toxicity data has been considered. The main objective of the current study was therefore to develop a tool for hazard identification of sediment by ranking potential toxicity of organic sediment extracts in a crustacean and a fish. A secondary objective was to investigate the difference in potential toxicity between compounds with different polarities. Materials and methods Early life stages of the crustacean Nitocra spinipes and the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss, which represent organisms from different trophic levels (primary and secondary consumer) and with different routes of exposure (i.e., ingestion through food, diffusive uptake, and maternal transfer), were exposed to hexane and acetone fractions (semi-polar compounds) of sediment from five locations, ranging from heavily to low contaminated. Preliminary tests showed that the extracts were non-bioavailable to the crustacean when exposed via water, and the extracts were therefore loaded on silica gel. Rainbow trout embryos were exposed using nano-injection technique.Results and discussion Clear concentration-response relationships of both mortality and larval development were observed in all tests with N. spinipes. Also for rainbow trout, the observed effects (e.g., abnormality, hemorrhage, asymmetric yolk sac) followed a dose-related pattern. Interestingly, our results indicate that some of the locations contained toxic semi-polar compounds, which are normally not considered in risk assessment of sediment since they are focused on compounds isolated in the hexane fraction. Conclusions The ranking of the five sediments followed the expected pattern of potential toxicity in both organisms, i.e., sediments with known pollution history caused major effects while reference sediments caused minor effects in the two test systems. Silica gel turned out to be an excellent carrier for exposure of N. spinipes to very hydrophobic and otherwise non-bioavailable sediment extracts. Recommendations and perspectivesSince both test systems demonstrated that a substantial part of the potential toxicity was caused by semi-polar compounds in the acetone fractions, this study enlightens our poor understanding of which compounds are causing adverse effects in environmental samples. Therefore, by investigating potential toxicity (i.e., hazard identification) as a first screening step in prioritizing processes, these implications could be avoided. For proper sediment risk assessment, we however recommend w...

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“…It has generally been thought that the absorption of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into soil particles reliably affects their bioavailability (Persson et al 2005), especially in the case of pollutants such as PBDEs (Watanabe and Sakai 2003). The absorption of organic compounds by soil colloids retards their microbial degradation, and the location of potential substrates inside pores or micro aggregates reduces their accessibility to soil microorganisms (Ladd et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) on soil microbial activity and bacterial community composition

Zhu

Liu

Zou

et al. 2010

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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In many areas of the world, polybrominated diphenyl ethers are ubiquitous due to their use as fire retardants. It is known that the hydrophobic characteristics of PBDEs cause them to sink in soil and sediment, yet their effect on microbes within the soil is not well understood. In this study, soil was treated with 1, 10, and 100 mg kg -1 BDE 209 for up to 45 days. Treatment effects on soil enzymatic activities for urease and catalase were evaluated. The impact on the microbe community structure was estimated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis after polymerase chain reaction amplification of total genomic DNA, using bacterial variable V3 region targeted primers. The effects on the soil microbial community size and major bacterial groups were evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Forty-five days after the addition of BDE 209, urease activity was suppressed by BDE 209, even at a concentration of 1 mg kg -1 . Catalase activity increased in the samples containing lower concentrations of BDE 209, but was suppressed in samples containing higher concentrations. The bacterial community also varied in response to the addition of BDE 209, and the variation of community composition differed among treatments. In addition, a, b and c subclass proteobacteria decreased in the group of 100 mg kg -1 BDE 209 spiked soil after 45 days of treatment. Throughout the experiment, no BDE 209 degradation was detected under darkness. These observations demonstrated that BDE 209 in soil, although of low bioavailability, had an adverse impact on the structure and function of the soil microbial community and microbial processes.

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Testing common sediment–porewater distribution models for their ability to predict dissolved concentrations of POPs in The Grenlandsfjords, Norway

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediment pore water and surface sediments of Umgeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in water, sediment pore water and surface sediments of Umgeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Hazard identification of contaminated sites—ranking potential toxicity of organic sediment extracts in crustacean and fish

Effect of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) on soil microbial activity and bacterial community composition

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