Testing by fourier transform infrared species variation during melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin preparation

Kandelbauer, Andreas; Despres, A.; Pizzi, A.; Taudes, I.

doi:10.1002/app.26757

Cited by 94 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The bands from 1030 to 1050 cm -1 were assigned to C-N or N-C-N stretching of the methylene linkage in the resins. The spectra of all the MUF resins exhibited a small band at 814 cm -1 , which is assigned to the typical stretching of the triazine ring of melamine (Reimschuessel and McDevitt 1960;Kandelbauer et al 2007;Sun et al 2011;Gao et al 2012).…”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melamine Allocation Proportion on Chemical Structures and Properties of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins

Luo¹,

Zhang²,

Luo³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin was synthesized by adding melamine with a first and second portion of urea, named M1 and M2, respectively. Different allocation proportions of M1:M2 (4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, and 0:4) were used to develop five MUF (MUF-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) resins with an F/(U+M) molar ratio of 1.05. The chemical structures, curing behaviors, and cross-section morphology of the resins were characterized. Three-ply plywood was fabricated to evaluate wet shear strength and formaldehyde emission. Results showed that when the melamine allocation proportion was increased from 0:4 to 4:0, the total methylene ether group content increased, the curing rate was elevated, and a heterogeneous cross-section of the cured resin formed, which led to a wet shear strength increase of 42.11%. When the melamine allocation proportion decreased, the free melamine content increased, the pot life was prolonged, and a highly homogeneous morphology was formed, which resulted in a decrease of 42.86% in formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood. These results suggested that a high melamine allocation proportion, meaning that more of the MUF resin was added initially, improved the water resistance of the resulting resin, whereas a low melamine allocation proportion decreased the formaldehyde emission reduction of the resulting plywood.

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Section: Ftir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melamine Allocation Proportion on Chemical Structures and Properties of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins

Luo¹,

Zhang²,

Luo³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…Data from the mixture of stones with melamine/cyanuric acid were compared to the pure stone group by analyzing the difference of absorbance (3, 470, 3,420, 3,335, 3,215, 1,653 (Fig. 1A), which is most typical of melamine IR (Table 1) (15,16). In addition, the presence of cyanuric acid is shown by absorptions at 3,210, 3,060, 1,710, 1,425, 1,050, and 535 cm À1 in its IR spectrum (Fig.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of melamine/cyanuric acid‐containing nephrolithiasis by infrared spectroscopy

Chen

Liu

et al. 2010

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Melamine-contaminated milk formula caused infant nephrolithiasis in some areas of China. Its combination with cyanuric acid causes crystallization in renal tubules. Following this renal damage and even renal failure that require long-term hemodialysis has been reported. Therefore, correct and timely diagnosis of these complex diseases is critical. Melamine containing stone is a combination of equal molar ratios of common stone compositions that has been reported from previous animal studies. We have previously identified the compositions of urinary tract stones with infrared (IR) spectroscopy. We hypothesized that the absorbance of wavelength of IR can identify melamine/cyanuric acid in the presence of mixing human stone compositions. In this study, we made an artificial stone composition and examine under IR absorbance by mixing equal molar ratios of melamine/cyanuric acid with different types of human urinary stones, and established a reference of IR analysis for the identification of melamine/cyanuric acid-containing human urinary tract stones. Knowledge of the precise stone composition allowed institution of appropriate prophylactic dietary and medical therapy and this may help in the prevention of urinary stone recurrence. The results are promising that melamine and cyanuric acid can be identified clearly in a low percentile (approximately 1%) of stone mixture pellet. Therefore, IR seems to be an ideal tool for the identification of melamine/cyanuric acid-containing stones.

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“…Peaks located within the range of 1282-1260 cm -1 confirm the presence of -CH 2 -group directly connected with the -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -composition. [18,19]. The peak located at the 897 cm -1 wave number confirms the presence of cellulose in the tested composite because at this wave's length a band deriving from the glycoside β-1,4 bond between next glucose molecules of this polymer chain is located [17].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Absorption Spectra Of The Original And Thermmentioning

confidence: 54%

Investigation of an Advanced Cellulose Profile Used for the Manufacture of Gating Systems

Zawieja¹,

Sawicki²,

Gumienny³

et al. 2014

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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The herein paper contains the results of investigations on a new type of cellulose blend used for the manufacture of profiles applied in the process of making gating systems in the foundry industry. A standard cellulose profile was subjected to an experiment. During the experiment the profile was filled with a liquid cast iron and at the same time the temperatures of the liquid metal crystallizing inside the profile were measured as well as the temperature of the outer layer of the profile was controlled. Further, the microstructure of the cast iron, which crystallized out inside the cellulose profile, was analysed and the cellulose, thermally degraded after the experiment, was verified with the use of the chemical analysis method. Moreover, a quality analysis of the original as well as the degraded cellulose profile was run with the use of the FTIR infrared spectroscopy. The presented results revealed that the cellulose blend is aluminium silicate enriched and contains organic binder additives. The cast iron, which crystallized out, tended to have an equilibrium pearlitic structure with the release of graphite and carbides. The generation of disequilibrium ausferrite phases was also observed in the structure.

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Testing by fourier transform infrared species variation during melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin preparation

Cited by 94 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of Melamine Allocation Proportion on Chemical Structures and Properties of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins

Effect of Melamine Allocation Proportion on Chemical Structures and Properties of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins

Identification of melamine/cyanuric acid‐containing nephrolithiasis by infrared spectroscopy

Investigation of an Advanced Cellulose Profile Used for the Manufacture of Gating Systems

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